Nokea
A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of teaching regarding care of a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) that is in remission after the administration of prednisone. The nurse realizes further teaching is required if the parents state what?
- A. We will keep our child away from anyone who is ill.
- B. We will be sure to administer the prednisone as ordered.
- C. We will encourage our child to eat a balanced diet, but we will watch his salt intake.
- D. We understand our child will not be able to attend school, so we will arrange for homeschooling.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Children with MCNS who are in remission can usually attend school and participate in normal activities with precautions to avoid infections. Home schooling may not be necessary, and this indicates a misunderstanding of the condition's management.
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The physician tells the parents of a 2-year-old that the child probably has RSV. The parents ask how the diagnosis will be confirmed. How should the nurse respond?
- A. We will swab your child's nose and send the secretions for testing.
- B. There is no specific test for RSV. The diagnosis is based on symptoms.
- C. We will send a viral culture to an outside lab for testing.
- D. There is no specific test for RSV. The diagnosis is based on symptoms.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. RSV is typically diagnosed by swabbing the nose and testing the secretions. This method helps confirm the presence of the respiratory syncytial virus. Choice B is incorrect because while symptoms are important in diagnosis, specific tests like swabbing for RSV do exist. Choice C is incorrect as sending a viral culture to an outside lab is not the primary method for diagnosing RSV. Choice D is a duplicate of choice B and is incorrect for the same reasons.
The parents of a 2-year-old boy who had a repair of exstrophy of the bladder at birth ask when they can begin toilet training their son. The nurse replies based on what knowledge?
- A. Most boys in the United States can be toilet trained at age 3 years.
- B. Training can begin when he has sufficient bladder capacity.
- C. Additional surgery may be necessary to achieve continence.
- D. They should begin now because he will require additional time.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Toilet training should begin when the child has sufficient bladder capacity and control, which may be delayed in children who have undergone surgical repairs for conditions like bladder exstrophy. Premature training can lead to frustration and setbacks.
When teaching a discipline class for parents of pre-schoolers, the nurse will be guided by which principle?
- A. Using the strictest form of punishment at the time of infraction is most effective
- B. Punishment increases unwanted behavior
- C. Discipline is to teach and gradually shift control from parents to child, promoting self-discipline
- D. Discipline and punishment are the same
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct principle to guide the nurse when teaching a discipline class for parents of pre-schoolers is that discipline is meant to teach and gradually shift control from parents to the child, promoting self-discipline. This approach focuses on educating children on appropriate behavior rather than solely relying on punishment. Choice A is incorrect because using the strictest punishment is not the most effective method for discipline. Choice B is incorrect because punishment can reinforce unwanted behavior if not used appropriately. Choice D is incorrect because discipline and punishment are not synonymous; discipline involves a broader aspect of teaching and guiding behavior.
What statement is an advantage of peritoneal dialysis compared with hemodialysis?
- A. Protein loss is less extensive.
- B. Dietary limitations are not necessary.
- C. It is easy to learn and safe to perform.
- D. It is needed less frequently than hemodialysis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peritoneal dialysis is generally easier to learn and can be safely performed at home. Although dietary limitations still apply, this method offers greater flexibility in treatment scheduling compared to hemodialysis, which often requires multiple weekly visits to a dialysis center.
A toddler's mother calls the nurse because she thinks her son has swallowed a button type of battery. He has no signs of respiratory distress. The nurse's response should be based on which premise?
- A. An emergency laparotomy is very likely.
- B. The location needs to be confirmed by radiographic examination.
- C. Surgery will be necessary if the battery has not passed in the stool in 48 hours.
- D. Careful observation is essential because an ingested battery cannot be accurately detected.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Radiographic examination is essential to confirm the location of the battery, as it can cause significant damage, particularly if lodged in the esophagus. Immediate surgery may be required depending on its location and the potential for causing harm.