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A nurse is performing a gynecological health history interview on a 17-year-old Caucasian adolescent. The girl appears anxious and states, 'I found a lump in my left breast, and I am worried that it may be cancer.' What factors should the nurse be aware of prior to responding to this patient? Select all that apply.
- A. Breast fibroadenomas are the most common breast tumor in women after puberty and between the ages of 15 and 30.
- B. African American women tend to develop fibroadenomas more often and at an earlier age than Caucasian women.
- C. Young women are at increased risk for breast cancer.
- D. The cause of fibroadenoma is a cancerous condition.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because breast fibroadenomas are indeed the most common benign breast tumor in women after puberty, typically occurring between the ages of 15 and 30. The nurse should be aware of this fact when assessing the patient's concern about the lump. Fibroadenomas are non-cancerous and do not increase the risk of breast cancer.
Choice B is incorrect because fibroadenomas are more common in Caucasian women, not African American women. Choice C is incorrect because young women like the patient are generally at low risk for breast cancer. Choice D is also incorrect because fibroadenomas are not caused by cancerous conditions.
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Which statement is not true regarding breast reconstruction?
- A. It promotes symmetry and preserves body image.
- B. It is always done immediately along with the mastectomy.
- C. It does not change survival rates or interfere with therapies or treatment of recurrent disease.
- D. It is associated with low morbidity and high patient satisfaction.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. Breast reconstruction is not always done immediately to allow for healing post-mastectomy.
2. Immediate reconstruction may not be suitable for all patients due to various factors.
3. Delayed reconstruction is also a valid option and can be performed at a later time.
4. Therefore, the statement that breast reconstruction is always done immediately along with the mastectomy is not true.
Summary:
A: True - Breast reconstruction aims to promote symmetry and preserve body image.
C: True - Breast reconstruction does not affect survival rates or interfere with treatments.
D: True - Breast reconstruction generally has low morbidity and high patient satisfaction.
A pregnant woman at 30 weeks gestation discovers she is HPV positive at her prenatal visit. Upon examination, her provider detects genital warts. Which treatment is not recommended in this case?
- A. Carbon dioxide laser surgery
- B. Electrocautery
- C. Surgical excision
- D. Podophyllin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Podophyllin. It is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its potential teratogenic effects. Carbon dioxide laser surgery, electrocautery, and surgical excision can be considered safer options for treating genital warts during pregnancy. Podophyllin should be avoided to prevent harm to the developing fetus.
A client has severe preeclampsia. The nurse would expect the primary health care practitioner to order tests to assess the fetus for which of the following?
- A. Severe anemia.'
- B. Hypoprothrombinemia.'
- C. Craniosynostosis.'
- D. Intrauterine growth restriction.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). In severe preeclampsia, there is a risk of placental insufficiency leading to reduced blood flow to the fetus, resulting in IUGR. The primary concern is monitoring the fetus's growth and well-being.
A: Severe anemia is not typically a direct result of severe preeclampsia and is not a primary concern in this situation.
B: Hypoprothrombinemia refers to a deficiency in blood clotting factors and is not directly related to fetal well-being in the context of severe preeclampsia.
C: Craniosynostosis is a condition where the bones in an infant's skull fuse too early, which is a congenital issue and not typically related to preeclampsia.
In summary, the primary concern in severe preeclampsia is assessing fetal growth and well-being due to placental insufficiency, making IUG
A client with a history of herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) infection asks the nurse about future sexual activity. Which response is most appropriate?
- A. If the infection has healed, you do not have to use a condom.
- B. Refrain from all sexual activity.
- C. Use a condom during sexual activity only if the infection becomes active again.
- D. Inform all potential sexual partners about the infection, even if it is inactive.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
1. Informing all potential sexual partners about the HSV-2 infection, even if inactive, is crucial to ensure transparency and promote informed decision-making.
2. HSV-2 can be transmitted even when symptoms are not present, so partners need to be aware of the risk.
3. This approach demonstrates respect for the partners' autonomy and enables them to make choices regarding their own health.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. Using a condom is important even when the infection is inactive to prevent transmission.
B: Incorrect. Refraining from all sexual activity may not be necessary if proper precautions are taken.
C: Incorrect. Using a condom only when the infection is active does not fully address the risk of transmission during asymptomatic periods.
The nurse is assessing a client who has a suspected cystocele. Which signs and symptoms should the nurse expect? Select all that apply.
- A. Frequent bladder infections
- B. Sense of fullness in the vaginal area
- C. Leaking of urine
- D. Irregular vaginal bleeding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Irregular vaginal bleeding. A cystocele is a condition where the bladder protrudes into the vagina. This can cause pressure on surrounding tissues and lead to irregular vaginal bleeding. A, B, and C are incorrect as they are more commonly associated with other conditions such as urinary tract infections (A), pelvic organ prolapse (B), and urinary incontinence (C). Irregular vaginal bleeding is a key sign specific to cystocele due to the physical displacement of organs.