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A nurse is preparing a patient for a magneticresonance imaging (MRI) scan. Which nursing action ismostimportant?
- A. Ensuring that the patient does not eat or drink 2 hours before the examination.
- B. Administering a colon cleansing product 6 hours before the examination.
- C. Obtaining an order for a pain medication before the test is performed.
- D. Removing all of the patient’s metallic jewelry.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D - Removing all of the patient’s metallic jewelry.
Rationale:
1. Safety: Metallic objects can be attracted by the MRI magnet, causing harm to the patient and disrupting the imaging process.
2. Artifact Prevention: Metallic objects can produce artifacts on the MRI images, affecting the diagnostic quality.
3. Patient Comfort: Removing jewelry ensures the patient's comfort during the scan, avoiding discomfort or injury.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: Not eating or drinking before an MRI is important, but it is not the most crucial action compared to patient safety and image quality.
B: Colon cleansing may be necessary for certain types of MRI scans, but it is not universally required and is not the most important action.
C: Pain medication may be important for patient comfort, but it is not essential for the actual MRI procedure and does not impact safety or image quality.
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The nurse is providing nutrition education to a Korean patient using the five food groups. In doing so, what should be the focus of the teaching?
- A. Discouraging the patient’s ethnic food choices
- B. Changing the patient’s diet to a more conventional American diet
- C. Including racial and ethnic practices with food preferences of the patient
- D. Comparing the patient’s ethnic preferences with American dietary choices
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it emphasizes cultural competence and respect for the patient's background. By including racial and ethnic practices with food preferences of the patient, the nurse can provide tailored and relevant nutrition education. This approach promotes inclusivity and acknowledges the importance of cultural traditions in dietary habits. Choices A and B are incorrect as they disregard the patient's cultural background and may lead to cultural insensitivity. Choice D is also incorrect as it focuses on comparison rather than understanding and incorporating the patient's unique cultural context. Overall, choice C aligns with patient-centered care and facilitates effective communication and trust between the nurse and the patient.
An oncology nurse educator is providing health education to a patient who has been diagnosed with skin cancer. The patients wife has asked about the differences between normal cells and cancer cells. What characteristic of a cancer cell should the educator cite?
- A. Malignant cells contain more fibronectin than normal body cells.
- B. Malignant cells contain proteins called tumor-specific antigens.
- C. Chromosomes contained in cancer cells are more durable and stable than those of normal cells.
- D. The nuclei of cancer cells are unusually large, but regularly shaped.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Malignant cells contain proteins called tumor-specific antigens. Tumor-specific antigens are unique to cancer cells and are not found in normal cells. This characteristic distinguishes cancer cells from normal cells and is important in cancer detection and treatment.
A: Malignant cells do not necessarily contain more fibronectin than normal body cells. Fibronectin is a glycoprotein found in the extracellular matrix and is not a defining characteristic of cancer cells.
C: Chromosomes in cancer cells are actually more prone to instability and mutations compared to normal cells, making them less durable and stable.
D: The nuclei of cancer cells can vary in size and shape, with irregularities often seen, rather than being unusually large and regularly shaped.
A nurse practitioner is examining a patient who presented at the free clinic with vulvar pruritus. For which assessment finding would the practitioner look that may indicate the patient has an infection caused by Candida albicans?
- A. Cottage cheese-like discharge
- B. Yellow-green discharge
- C. Gray-white discharge
- D. Watery discharge with a fishy odor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cottage cheese-like discharge. Candida albicans is a common cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis, characterized by itching and cottage cheese-like discharge. This type of discharge is specific to a yeast infection. Yellow-green discharge (choice B) is indicative of trichomoniasis, gray-white discharge (choice C) is seen in bacterial vaginosis, and watery discharge with a fishy odor (choice D) is characteristic of bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis. Therefore, the presence of cottage cheese-like discharge is a key indicator of a Candida albicans infection.
Initiate feeding.
- A. 4, 2, 1, 5, 3
- B. 2, 4, 1, 3, 5
- C. 1, 4, 2, 3, 5
- D. 2, 1, 4, 5, 3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (2, 4, 1, 3, 5) because it follows the correct sequential order for initiating feeding. First, you need to prepare the food (2), then set up the feeding area (4), followed by inviting the person to eat (1), serving the food (3), and finally allowing them to eat (5). The other choices do not adhere to the logical sequence required for initiating feeding. Choice A and D have incorrect sequences of steps, while Choice C has steps 1 and 4 switched, which disrupts the proper order of initiating feeding.
A medical nurse is providing palliative care to a patient with a diagnosis of end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What is the primary goal of this nurses care?
- A. To improve the patients and familys quality of life
- B. To support aggressive and innovative treatments for cure
- C. To provide physical support for the patient
- D. To help the patient develop a separate plan with each discipline of the health care team
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To improve the patients and familys quality of life. In palliative care for end-stage COPD, the primary goal is to enhance quality of life by managing symptoms, providing emotional support, and ensuring comfort. Choice B is incorrect as palliative care focuses on comfort rather than aggressive treatments. Choice C is incorrect because palliative care encompasses not only physical but also emotional, social, and spiritual support. Choice D is incorrect as the goal is to provide holistic care rather than separate plans for each discipline. Ultimately, the primary focus of palliative care in this scenario is to improve the overall quality of life for the patient and their family.