Nokea
A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who is prescribed an oral medication. As part of the plan, the nurse expects to describe the importance of absorption. The nurse would integrate knowledge of which of the following as a mechanism for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract? Select all that apply.
- A. Active transport
- B. Transposition
- C. Passive transport
- D. Endocytosis
- E. Pinocytosis
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: During absorption, the drug particles in the GI tract are moved into the body fluids via active transport, passive transport, and pinocytosis.
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Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do to ensure the safe use of prescription drugs in the institutional setting? Select all that apply.
- A. Administering drugs
- B. Monitoring clients for drug effects
- C. Prescribing drugs
- D. Evaluating clients for toxic effects
- E. Educating clients/caregivers about drugs
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: In the institutional setting, the nurse's role to ensure safe use of prescription drugs includes administering drugs, monitoring drug effects, evaluating for toxic effects, and educating clients and caregivers about drugs.
The nurse observes that after administration of a drug the patient has developed itching and a skin rash. The nurse interprets these findings as which of the following?
- A. Toxicity
- B. Allergic reaction
- C. Angioedema
- D. Crystalluria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allergic reactions are manifested by a variety of signs and symptoms including itching, skin rashes, and hives. Swollen eyelids, lips, and mouth are some of the symptoms of angioedema, an allergic drug reaction that may block the airway, causing asphyxia. Toxicity or toxic reactions are caused when blood concentration levels exceed the therapeutic level of drugs. Reduced blood pressure is called hypotension. Crystals in the urine are symptoms of crystalluria.
A patient has been using sleeping pills every night for the past several months. Now admitted to the hospital, he is prescribed his usual dose of sleeping pill. After administration, the patient continues to be restless and is wide awake. The nurse notifies the health care provider, who prescribes an increased dose. After receiving the new dose, the patient falls asleep. The nurse interprets this as which of the following?
- A. Drug idiosyncrasy
- B. Cumulative drug effect
- C. Drug tolerance
- D. Toxic reactions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient has developed drug tolerance and has to be administered an increased dosage of the drug to achieve the desired effect. Cumulative drug effect occurs when the body is unable to metabolize and excrete one (normal) dose of a drug before the next dose is given. Drug idiosyncrasy is a term used to describe any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug. Toxic reactions are caused when blood concentration levels exceed the therapeutic levels of a drug.
After teaching a group of nursing students about the half-life of a drug, the instructor determines the need for additional teaching when the students identify which of the following as true? Select all that apply.
- A. Half-life can be decreased in clients with renal disease.
- B. Half-life can help determine dosing frequency.
- C. Half-life does not change throughout a client's life.
- D. Layer disease can increase half-life.
- E. Half-life is the measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from the body.
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Half-life is the measure of the rate at which drugs are removed from the body, and any difficulty in excreting a drug increases half-life, including liver or kidney disease or advanced age.
When describing the various types of medications to a group of nursing students, a nursing instructor would identify which of the following as a source for deriving medications? Select all that apply.
- A. Plants
- B. Synthetic sources
- C. Mold
- D. Minerals
- E. Animals
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Medications are derived from natural sources, for example, plants, molds, minerals, and animals, as well as created synthetically in a laboratory.