Nokea
Which of the following would the nurse identify as a factor that alters drug response in children and infants? Select all that apply.
- A. Slower gastric emptying
- B. Greater surface area
- C. Less protein binding
- D. Decreased body water content
- E. Less cutaneous fat
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Children and infants are not small adults; therefore, they have altered pharmacokinetics. Factors that alter pharmacokinetics in children include slower gastric emptying, less cutaneous fat, greater surface area, increased body water content, less protein binding, and immature hepatic and renal function.
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Which of the following names may be assigned to a drug during the process of development? Select all that apply.
- A. Chemical name
- B. Official name
- C. Pharmacologic name
- D. Trade name
- E. Nonproprietary name
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Throughout the process of development, drugs may have several names assigned to them including a chemical name, a generic (nonproprietary) name, an official name, and a trade or brand name.
After teaching a group of nursing students about pharmacokinetics, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a phase? Select all that apply.
- A. Absorption
- B. Distribution
- C. Administration
- D. Metabolism
- E. Excretion
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: The pharmacokinetic phases are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The acronym ADME is a helpful way to remember the pharmacokinetic phases.
A patient is considering using herbal supplements and asks the nurse about them. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Herbal supplements are safe to use because they are regulated closely.
- B. Herbal supplements can affect the way other medications will act.
- C. Taking more than the recommended amount usually is not harmful because they are natural.
- D. The risk of the supplement interacting with any prescription medications is extremely low.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse needs to explain to the patient that just because an herbal supplement is labeled 'natural' does not mean the supplement is safe or without harmful effects. Herbal supplements can act the same way as drugs and can cause medical problems if not used correctly or if taken in large amounts. Herbal supplements are not regulated by the FDA, so products lack standardization in relation to purity and potency. In addition, the patient should be warned not to take more than the recommended dose of any herbal health product or supplement. The problems that these products can cause are much more likely to occur if the patient takes too much or takes them for too long.
A nurse is assessing a client and notes that the client has developed swelling of the eyelids and lips after administration of a prescribed medication. The nurse interprets this finding as specifically indicating which of the following?
- A. Mild allergic reaction
- B. Anaphylactic shock
- C. Angioedema
- D. Drug idiosyncrasy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Angioedema is a type of allergic drug reaction manifested by the collection of fluid in the subcutaneous tissues, most commonly affecting the eyelids, lips, mouth, and throat. Allergic reactions can be manifested by a wide range of signs and symptoms such as itching, rashes, and hives. Anaphylactic shock is a serious allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention. Drug idiosyncrasy describes any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug, one that is different from the one normally expected.
A nursing student is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a patient. The student reviews information about the drug and its actions. Which of the following would be the best choice for obtaining this information? Select all that apply.
- A. Nursing instructor
- B. Nurse assigned to the patient
- C. Clinical drug reference
- D. Prescribing health care provider
- E. Clinical pharmacist
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: Although the nursing student can ask the nursing instructor, the nurse assigned to the patient, and the prescribing health care provider for information about the drug, the best choices for drug information would include an appropriate drug reference and the clinical pharmacist.