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A nurse is preparing an in-service program for a group of psychiatric-mental health nurses about schizophrenia. Which of the following would the nurse include as a major reason for relapse?
- A. Lack of family support
- B. Accessibility to community resources
- C. Non-adherence to prescribed medications
- D. Stigmatization of mental illness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Non-adherence to prescribed medications (C) is a primary cause of relapse in schizophrenia, as antipsychotics are critical for symptom control. Lack of family support (A) and stigmatization (D) contribute indirectly, while accessibility to resources (B) is a protective factor.
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Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind when establishing the nurse-patient relationship with a client with schizophrenia to promote recovery?
- A. The relationship typically develops over a short period of time.
- B. Decisions about care are the responsibility of interdisciplinary team.
- C. Short, time-limited interactions are best for the client experiencing psychosis.
- D. Typically, clients with schizophrenia readily engage in a therapeutic relationship.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Short, time-limited interactions (C) are most effective for clients with schizophrenia experiencing psychosis, as they reduce overstimulation and build trust gradually. Relationships take time (A), interdisciplinary teams share decisions (B), and engagement is often challenging (D), not readily achieved.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been receiving treatment for schizophrenia with chlorpromazine for the past year. It would be essential for the nurse to monitor the client for which of the following?
- A. Weight loss
- B. Torticollis
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Tardive dyskinesia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tardive dyskinesia (D), a potentially irreversible side effect of long-term use of typical antipsychotics like chlorpromazine, involves involuntary movements and requires ongoing monitoring. Weight loss (A) is unlikely (weight gain is more common), torticollis (B) is an acute dystonia, and hypoglycemia (C) is not a typical side effect.
A client has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Assessment reveals that the client lives alone. His clothing is disheveled, his hair is uncombed and matted, and his body has a strange odor. During an interview, the client?s family voices a desire for the client to live with them when he is discharged. Based on the assessment findings, which nursing diagnosis would be the priority?
- A. Ineffective Role Performance related to symptoms of schizophrenia.
- B. Social Isolation related to auditory hallucinations.
- C. Dysfunctional Family Processes related to psychosis.
- D. Bathing Self-Care Deficit related to symptoms of schizophrenia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bathing Self-Care Deficit (D) is the priority nursing diagnosis, as the client?s disheveled appearance, matted hair, and body odor indicate an immediate inability to maintain personal hygiene, which affects health and social integration. Ineffective Role Performance (A) and Social Isolation (B) are relevant but secondary, and Dysfunctional Family Processes (C) is not supported by the family?s supportive stance.
A group of nursing students is reviewing the various theories related to the etiology of schizophrenia. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which neurotransmitter as being responsible for hallucinations and delusions?
- A. Dopamine
- B. Serotonin
- C. Norepinephrine
- D. Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dopamine (A) dysregulation, particularly excess in certain brain regions, is strongly linked to hallucinations and delusions in schizophrenia. Serotonin (B), norepinephrine (C), and GABA (D) play roles in other disorders or symptoms but are less directly associated with these psychotic features.
A nurse is working with a group of clients diagnosed with schizophrenia in a community setting. Which of the following would least likely be a priority?
- A. Improving the quality of life
- B. Instilling hope
- C. Managing psychosis
- D. Preventing relapse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: While improving quality of life (A) is important, managing psychosis (C), preventing relapse (D), and instilling hope (B) are more immediate priorities in schizophrenia care to stabilize symptoms and maintain recovery. Quality of life is a longer-term goal.