Nokea
A nurse is preparing an inservice program about substance abuse and its etiology. Which of the following would the nurse most likely include in the presentation when discussing possible psychologic etiologies?
- A. Low self-esteem
- B. Genetic predisposition
- C. Dysfunctional family
- D. Peer influence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low self-esteem (A) is a psychological etiology for substance abuse, contributing to vulnerability. Genetic predisposition (B) is biological, and dysfunctional family (C) and peer influence (D) are social, not primarily psychological.
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A 20-year-old man arrives at the emergency department by ambulance. He is unconscious, with slow respirations and pinpoint pupils. There are tracks visible on his arms. The friend who came with him reports that the client had just shot up heroin when he became unconscious. Which medication would the nurse most likely expect to administer?
- A. Naloxone
- B. Naltrexone
- C. Bupropion
- D. Varenicline
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Naloxone (A) is an opioid antagonist used to reverse heroin overdose, counteracting respiratory depression and unconsciousness. Naltrexone (B) is for maintenance, bupropion (C) is for depression/smoking cessation, and varenicline (D) is for smoking cessation.
A client has been prescribed naltrexone (Trexan) for treatment of alcohol dependence. The nurse has explained the drug?s purpose to the client. The nurse determines that the client has understood the instructions when the client identifies which of the following about the drug?
- A. Causes itching if alcohol is consumed
- B. Produces the euphoria of alcohol
- C. Reduces the appeal of alcohol
- D. Improves appetite and nutritional status
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Naltrexone (C) reduces the appeal of alcohol by blocking opioid receptors, decreasing the rewarding effects of drinking. It does not cause itching (A), produce euphoria (B), or directly improve appetite/nutrition (D).
A group of nursing students is reviewing information about substances that are abused. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as stimulants? Select all that apply.
- A. Alcohol
- B. Cocaine
- C. Heroin
- D. Nicotine
- E. Phencyclidine
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Cocaine (B) and nicotine (D) are stimulants, increasing CNS activity. Alcohol (A) is a depressant, heroin (C) is an opioid, and phencyclidine (E) is a dissociative anesthetic.
A client is receiving methadone maintenance therapy. After teaching the client about this treatment, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the client states which of the following?
- A. I can have a glass of wine with dinner if I choose.
- B. I should eat small frequent meals if I get nauseated.
- C. I should take the drug on an empty stomach.
- D. I might experience diarrhea with this drug.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methadone can cause nausea, and eating small, frequent meals (B) helps manage this side effect. Alcohol (A) should be avoided, methadone is taken without regard to food (C), and constipation, not diarrhea (D), is a common side effect.
A nurse is implementing a brief intervention with a client who is abusing alcohol. The nurse most likely would be involved with which of the following?
- A. Asking the client questions about alcohol use
- B. Negotiating a conversation with the client to reduce use
- C. Pointing out the inconsistencies in thoughts, feelings, and action
- D. Helping the client change the way he thinks about a situation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Brief interventions for alcohol abuse involve negotiating a conversation to reduce use (B), using motivational techniques to encourage change. Asking questions (A) is part of assessment, pointing out inconsistencies (C) is confrontational, and changing thinking (D) is more cognitive therapy.