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A nurse is preparing to administer an oral iron supplement to a hospitalized infant. Which should not be given simultaneously with the iron supplement?
- A. Milk
- B. Multivitamin
- C. Fruit juice
- D. Meat, fish, poultry
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Milk should not be given simultaneously with an oral iron supplement because calcium in milk can interfere with the absorption of iron. Calcium competes with iron for absorption in the digestive tract, thereby reducing the absorption of iron when both are taken together. It is advisable to wait at least 1-2 hours after giving the iron supplement before offering milk to ensure optimal absorption of iron. This is a common practice to improve iron absorption and prevent any potential decrease in the effectiveness of the iron supplement.
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A client diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) comes to the emergency department with severe back pain. She reports that she first felt pain after manually opening her garage door and that she is taking prednisone daily. When adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid therapy is most likely responsible for the pain?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Muscle wasting
- C. Osteoporosis
- D. Truncal obesity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osteoporosis is the most likely adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid therapy responsible for the severe back pain experienced by the client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Corticosteroids such as prednisone can lead to bone resorption and calcium loss, resulting in weakened bones and increased risk of fractures. Back pain in this case could be a sign of vertebral compression fractures due to osteoporosis induced by prolonged corticosteroid use. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor bone health in patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy and consider strategies to prevent or manage osteoporosis.
The physician writes a "now" order for codeine 45 mg IM for a patient with thrombophlebitis. The nurse has on hand 60 mg/2 mL. Which of the ff. doses should be given?
- A. 1.45 mL c.1.75 mL
- B. 1.50 mL
- C. 2.15 mL
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To determine how many milliliters of the medication should be given, it is important to first calculate the total amount of codeine required based on the physician's order. The physician ordered codeine 45 mg IM, and the available concentration is 60 mg/2 mL. To find out the appropriate dose to administer, you can set up a proportion:
A 2-year-old child presents with a peeling, erythematous rash on the hands and feet. The mother reports that he has become ill tempered and refuses to walk about, preferring to lie in bed. Physical examination reveals an irritable, pale child with photophobia. Temperature is 98.5°F, heart rate is 80/minute, and respiratory rate is 23/minute. Tremor of the tongue is evident. Further history and follow-up evaluation reveal that the child's elder brothers have been playing with liquid mercury. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Measles
- B. Fifth disease
- C. Kawasaki disease
- D. Acrodynia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acrodynia, also known as pink disease, is caused by chronic mercury exposure. The symptoms described, including the rash, irritability, photophobia, and tremor, are consistent with mercury poisoning.
Which should the nurse consider when preparing a school-age child and the family for heart surgery?
- A. Unfamiliar equipment should not be shown.
- B. Let the child hear the sounds of an ECG monitor.
- C. Avoid mentioning postoperative discomfort and interventions.
- D. Explain that an endotracheal tube will not be needed if the surgery goes well.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When preparing a school-age child and the family for heart surgery, it is essential to provide honest and age-appropriate information to help the child feel more comfortable and reduce anxiety. Letting the child hear the sounds of an ECG monitor is beneficial as it allows them to become familiar with medical equipment and procedures, making them less intimidated by the unfamiliar sounds they may encounter during and after surgery. Familiarizing the child with the sounds can also help alleviate fears and promote understanding of what is happening during the procedure. It is important to maintain open communication, address concerns, and prepare the child and family for what to expect before, during, and after surgery.
Which tool measures body fat most accurately?
- A. Stadiometer TestBankWorld.org
- B. Calipers
- C. Cloth tape measure
- D. Paper or metal tape measure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Calipers are considered the most accurate tool for measuring body fat percentage when used properly. Calipers work by measuring skinfold thickness at various locations on the body, and this measurement is then used in specific equations to calculate body fat percentage. While the other tools mentioned can provide some insights into body composition, they are not as precise as calipers when it comes to accurately measuring body fat percentage.