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A nurse is preparing to administer rivastigmine oral solution. The nurse decides to mix it in a small amount of which of the following?
- A. Water
- B. Coffee
- C. Soda
- D. Tea
- E. Fruit juice
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: A nurse administering rivastigmine (Exelon) oral solution can give the solution directly to the client or mix it in a small amount of water, cold fruit juice, or soda.
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A review of a client's history reveals that the client takes ginkgo. Which of the following would the nurse assess for in the client as a common adverse reaction?
- A. Hyperglycemia
- B. Headache
- C. Hypotension
- D. Rash
- E. GI discomfort
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: The most common adverse reactions associated with ginkgo include mild GI discomfort, headache, and rash.
A group of nursing students are reviewing the stages of AD. They demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as characteristic of preclinical AD?
- A. Client's changes in thinking are readily evident to family members.
- B. The client may exhibit moderate levels of anxiety.
- C. The ability to function is significantly limited.
- D. There are no cognitive changes noted.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Preclinical AD is characterized by no changes in cognitive or functional ability. With mild cognitive impairment, the changes in thinking are noticeable to the client and family members, and the person may experience mild to moderate anxiety. In dementia due to AD, memory, thinking, and behavior limit the person's ability to function.
After teaching a group of nursing students about cholinesterase inhibitors, the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the students identify which drug as an example?
- A. Rivastigmine
- B. Donepezil
- C. Memantine
- D. Galantamine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Memantine is an example of an NMDA receptor antagonist. Rivastigmine, donepezil, and galantamine are cholinesterase inhibitors.
To assess a client's cognitive ability, the nurse uses the Mini-Mental Status Examination. Which areas would the nurse assess?
- A. Reading comprehension
- B. Calculation
- C. Orientation
- D. Recall
- E. Language
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: The Mini-Mental Status Examination assesses a client's abilities on items such as orientation, calculation, recall, and language.
When reviewing the medical record of a client who is prescribed galantamine, which of the following, if found, would the nurse identify as a contraindication for the drug requiring the nurse to contact the primary health care provider?
- A. Hepatic disease.
- B. Renal disease.
- C. Pregnancy.
- D. Lactation
- E. Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Galantamine is contraindicated in clients who are pregnant, are lactating, or have hepatic disease.