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When reviewing a client's medical record, which condition would the nurse identify as contraindicating the use of donepezil?
- A. Bronchitis
- B. Asthma
- C. Vitamin deficiency
- D. Anmesia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The administration of donepezil is contraindicated in clients with asthma. The drug is not contraindicated in clients with bronchitis, beriberi, or amnesia.
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The nurse suspects that a client has consumed an excessive dose of ginkgo based on assessment of which of the following?
- A. Constipation
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Vomiting
- D. Restlessness
- E. Drowsiness
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: A client who takes an excessive dose of ginkgo may exhibit the following adverse reactions: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and restlessness.
A client asks the nurse about using the herb ginkgo to improve his memory and thinking. Which of the following would the nurse need to integrate into the response about this herb?
- A. There is scientific proof that this herb is effective.
- B. The effects may take at a minimum 4 weeks to occur.
- C. Mild GI discomfort and headache may occur with the herb.
- D. The herb needs to be taken at least four times a day to be effective.
- E. The herb if taken in large doses rarely leads to problems.
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Conflicting research both supports and disputes ginkgo's ability to enhance memory. The effects of ginkgo may not be evident until after 4 to 24 weeks of treatment. The most common adverse reactions include mild GI discomfort, headache, and rash.
A client with AD receiving a cholinesterase inhibitor has a nursing diagnosis of Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements. Which of the following would be most appropriate?
- A. Provide nutritious meals three times a day.
- B. Give foods that have the same consistency.
- C. Encourage careful chewing.
- D. Encourage visitors during mealtime.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should encourage chewing action when feeding. The nurse need not provide nutritious meals three times a day; instead, frequent small nutritious meals would be more beneficial. Offering foods of different consistency and flavor is important in case the patient can handle one form better than another. The nurse should not encourage visitors during mealtime; mealtime should be simple and calm.
A client is prescribed memantine for the treatment of dementia of Alzheimer's disease. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following as a possible adverse reaction?
- A. Confusion
- B. Dyspepsia
- C. Muscle cramps
- D. Vomiting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When administering memantine to a client, a nurse should monitor the client for adverse reactions such as dizziness, headache, or confusion. Dyspepsia is an adverse reaction of rivastigmine; muscle cramps are an adverse reaction of donepezil; vomiting is an adverse reaction of rivastigmine and galantamine.
A client is prescribed donepezil. The nurse would assess the client for which of the following as a possible adverse reaction?
- A. Anorexia
- B. Dizziness
- C. Headache
- D. Constipation
- E. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The nurse would assess the client for generalized adverse reactions to cholinesterase inhibitors like donepezil, which would include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and headache.