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A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). What instruction should the nurse include to help improve oxygenation?
- A. Use pursed-lip breathing during activities
- B. Avoid physical activity
- C. Perform weight-bearing exercises
- D. Use a humidifier while sleeping
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to use pursed-lip breathing during activities to help improve oxygenation. Pursed-lip breathing can keep the airways open longer, facilitating better oxygen exchange and making it easier to exhale carbon dioxide. Choice B is incorrect as physical activity, within the client's limitations, is beneficial for maintaining overall health. Choice C is incorrect as weight-bearing exercises are important for bone health but not directly related to improving oxygenation in COPD. Choice D is incorrect as using a humidifier while sleeping can help with moisture in the airways but does not directly impact oxygenation in COPD.
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A healthcare professional is teaching a client about the use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which instruction should the professional include?
- A. Inhale for 1 second
- B. Shake the inhaler vigorously
- C. Hold the inhaler 5-7 cm away from the mouth
- D. Hold breath for 5 seconds after inhalation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction when using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is to shake the inhaler vigorously before use. Shaking the inhaler ensures proper mixing of the medication, which is crucial for effective delivery of the medication into the lungs. Inhaling for a specific duration, holding the inhaler at a certain distance from the mouth, or holding the breath after inhalation are not as critical as ensuring proper mixing of the medication by shaking the inhaler.
A nurse is planning to administer multiple medications to a client with dysphagia. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Crush medications and mix them with honey
- B. Provide medications through a straw
- C. Place the medications in small amounts of pudding
- D. Offer the medications with a full glass of water
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when administering medications to a client with dysphagia is to place the medications in small amounts of pudding. Mixing medications with pudding helps clients with dysphagia swallow them more easily. Choice A (crushing medications and mixing with honey) is not recommended as it may alter the medication properties. Choice B (providing medications through a straw) is not suitable for clients with dysphagia as it can pose a choking hazard. Choice D (offering medications with a full glass of water) may be difficult for clients with dysphagia to swallow and increase the risk of aspiration.
A client with diabetes mellitus is receiving discharge instructions about foot care from a nurse. Which statement indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will soak my feet in hot water daily
- B. I will wear shoes at all times
- C. I will cut my toenails in a rounded shape
- D. I will apply lotion between my toes after bathing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I will wear shoes at all times.' This statement demonstrates an understanding of foot care for a client with diabetes. Wearing shoes at all times helps protect the feet, reducing the risk of injury and complications such as wounds or infections. Option A is incorrect because soaking feet in hot water can lead to skin dryness and increase the risk of burns or injury for individuals with diabetes. Option C is incorrect as cutting toenails in a rounded shape can cause ingrown toenails and potential infections. Option D is also incorrect as applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment, increasing the risk of fungal infections.
A client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is being taught about foot care. What instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Apply lotion between the toes after bathing
- B. Wear shoes at all times
- C. Cut toenails in a rounded shape
- D. Inspect the feet weekly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to wear shoes at all times. This instruction is vital for clients with diabetes mellitus as it helps protect the feet and reduces the risk of injury. Option A is incorrect as applying lotion between the toes can increase moisture and the risk of fungal infections. Option C is incorrect as cutting toenails in a rounded shape may lead to ingrown toenails. Option D is also incorrect as inspecting the feet weekly is not sufficient for proper foot care in clients with diabetes mellitus.
A client with diabetes mellitus is being taught about foot care by a nurse. What statement indicates understanding?
- A. I will soak my feet in hot water every day
- B. I will wear cotton socks at all times
- C. I will cut my toenails in a rounded shape
- D. I will apply lotion between my toes after bathing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Wearing cotton socks is essential for clients with diabetes as it helps protect the feet and reduces the risk of skin breakdown. Choice A is incorrect because soaking feet in hot water can lead to burns or skin damage. Choice C is incorrect as clients with diabetes should cut their toenails straight across to prevent ingrown toenails. Choice D is incorrect as applying lotion between the toes can create a moist environment that may increase the risk of fungal infections.