Nokea
A nurse is providing information to a client who has early Parkinson's disease and a new prescription for pramipexole. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?
- A. Hallucinations
- B. Increased salivation
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Discoloration of urine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pramipexole, a dopamine agonist, can cause hallucinations , especially in Parkinson's patients.
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You need to infuse 1,200 mL of a medication over 6 hours with a drop factor of 10 gtt/mL. Calculate the flow rate in drops per minute.
- A. 30 gtt/min
- B. 33 gtt/min
- C. 40 gtt/min
- D. 50 gtt/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flow rate = (1,200 mL 10 gtt/mL) ÷ (6 60) = 12,000 ÷ 360 = 33.33 gtt/min, rounded to 33 gtt/min (same as Q4).
The following class of drugs may be used to treat Parkinsonian syndrome arising from the use of phenothiazines:
- A. Nicotinic receptor antagonists
- B. Muscarinic receptor antagonists
- C. Adrenoceptor antagonists
- D. Anticholinesterases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antimuscarinics (e.g., benztropine) relieve parkinsonism from phenothiazines.
A 43-year-old woman with Type-2 diabetes has been taking insulin with meals as well as metformin. Her blood glucose remains poorly controlled. Her doctor prescribes an additional drug, which is an analog of an endogenous peptide that enhances insulin secretion. What drug is this?
- A. Exenatide
- B. Glipizide
- C. Miglitol
- D. Pramlintide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Exenatide, a GLP-1 analog, enhances insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, aiding type 2 diabetes control.
Beta-blockers decrease nocturnal melatonin release, thereby contributing to sleep disturbances.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beta-blockers, especially lipophilic ones, reduce melatonin release, potentially causing sleep disturbances.
Genetic testing for VCORC1 mutation to assess potential warfarin resistance is required prior to prescribing warfarin.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: VCORC1 testing is recommended but not required before prescribing warfarin; it's optional to guide dosing.