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A nurse is reinforcing dietary instructions with a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Maintain a low carbohydrate diet.
- B. Eliminate ingestion of foods high in protein.
- C. Increase intake of sodium-containing food.
- D. Reduce intake of foods high in potassium.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reducing foods high in potassium is crucial in CKD to prevent hyperkalemia due to impaired renal potassium excretion.
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A nurse is reinforcing dietary instructions with a client who has episodes of biliary colic from chronic cholecystitis. Which of the following diets should the nurse reinforce in the teaching plan?
- A. A high protein diet.
- B. A high fiber diet.
- C. A low sodium diet.
- D. A low fat diet.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A low fat diet is recommended for clients with biliary colic from chronic cholecystitis as it reduces the workload on the gallbladder and decreases the risk of gallstone formation.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who takes furosemide and has a serum potassium level of 3.1 mEq/L. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to include in his daily diet?
- A. Cabbage.
- B. Cheddar cheese.
- C. Bananas.
- D. Potatoes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bananas are high in potassium, helping to increase serum potassium levels, which is beneficial for clients taking furosemide, a diuretic that causes potassium loss.
A nurse is collecting data from a client who has peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Warm extremities.
- B. Darkened skin color near extremities.
- C. Intermittent claudication.
- D. Edema.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intermittent claudication, pain or cramping in the legs during exercise that subsides with rest, is a hallmark symptom of PAD due to reduced blood flow.
A nurse is preparing to administer ondansetron 4 mg IM stat. The amount available is ondansetron for injection 2 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. (Do not use a trailing zero))
Correct Answer: 2 mL
Rationale: 4 mg ÷ 2 mg/mL = 2 mL. The nurse should administer 2 mL.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about minimizing the effects of reflux during sleep. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I can have 6 ounces of alcohol before bed to help me sleep.
- B. I will have a snack 1 hour before going to bed.
- C. I should elevate the head of the bed.
- D. I will sleep on my stomach with my head flat.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed helps reduce acid reflux by keeping stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus during sleep.