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A nurse is reviewing the urinalysis results of a client who reports urinary frequency and burning. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Urine specific gravity 1.020.
- B. Microscopic hematuria.
- C. Amber yellow urine color.
- D. Absence of glucose in the urine.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Microscopic hematuria indicates red blood cells in the urine, suggesting possible urinary tract infection or other pathology requiring further evaluation.
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A nurse is preparing to administer levothyroxine 275 mcg PO to a client. The amount available is levothyroxine 137 mcg/tablet. How many tablets should the nurse administer? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. (Do not use a trailing zero))
Correct Answer: 2 tablets
Rationale: 275 mcg ÷ 137 mcg/tablet = 2.007 tablets, rounded to 2 tablets.
A nurse is checking the laboratory results of a client who is at risk for diabetes mellitus. Which of the following laboratory results indicates to the nurse that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus?
- A. 2-hr blood glucose 132 mg/dL.
- B. HbA1c 5.2%.
- C. Casual blood glucose 178 mg/dL.
- D. Fasting blood glucose 155 mg/dL.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fasting blood glucose of 155 mg/dL exceeds the diabetes diagnostic threshold of 126 mg/dL, indicating risk.
An adult client newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus asks a nurse to explain how he developed the condition. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. Your body will continue producing too much insulin without medicine to counteract it.
- B. Your body doesn't process glucose well.
- C. Your body's hemoglobin is not binding to the sugar you consume.
- D. Your body's immune system has destroyed cells in your pancreas.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance, where the body cannot process glucose effectively, leading to elevated blood glucose levels.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of urolithiasis. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse identify as contributing to this diagnosis?
- A. High-purine diet.
- B. Low levels of serum calcium.
- C. Female gender.
- D. Drinking large quantities of fluids.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A high-purine diet increases uric acid, forming crystals and stones, contributing to urolithiasis.
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has osteoarthritis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues.
- B. Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint.
- C. Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures.
- D. Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease caused by aging and cartilage disintegration, as correctly stated.