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A nurse is reinforcing nutrition teaching for a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods high in potassium. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Orange juice.
- B. White rice.
- C. Corn flakes cereal.
- D. Watermelon.
- E. Bananas.
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Orange juice, watermelon, and bananas are high in potassium and should be avoided by clients with chronic kidney disease to prevent hyperkalemia.
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A nurse is collecting data from a client who has peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Warm extremities.
- B. Darkened skin color near extremities.
- C. Intermittent claudication.
- D. Edema.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intermittent claudication, pain or cramping in the legs during exercise that subsides with rest, is a hallmark symptom of PAD due to reduced blood flow.
A nurse is preparing to administer ondansetron 4 mg IM stat. The amount available is ondansetron for injection 2 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. (Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero))
Correct Answer: 2 mL
Rationale: 4 mg ÷ 2 mg/mL = 2 mL. The nurse should administer 2 mL.
A nurse is reinforcing dietary instructions with a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Maintain a low carbohydrate diet.
- B. Eliminate ingestion of foods high in protein.
- C. Increase intake of sodium-containing food.
- D. Reduce intake of foods high in potassium.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reducing foods high in potassium is crucial in CKD to prevent hyperkalemia due to impaired renal potassium excretion.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is to self-administer regular insulin and NPH insulin from the same syringe. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Discard regular insulin if it appears cloudy.
- B. Draw up the NPH insulin into the syringe first.
- C. Shake the NPH insulin until it is well-mixed.
- D. Inject air into the regular insulin first.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular insulin should be clear; if it appears cloudy, it may be contaminated or expired and should be discarded to ensure safe administration.
A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has osteoarthritis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues.
- B. Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues.
- C. Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint.
- D. Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease due to aging and cartilage disintegration, as correctly understood.