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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has a new prescription for buspirone (Buspar) to treat anxiety. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
- B. Expect optimal effects within 24 hours.
- C. This medication has a low risk for dependency.
- D. Take this medication on an as-needed basis for anxiety.
- G. C
Correct Answer: No empty stomach requirement. Effects take weeks, not 24 hours. Low dependency risk is key. It's not for as-needed use.
Rationale: Correct Answer: C: This medication has a low risk for dependency.
Rationale:
1. Buspirone (Buspar) is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic with a lower risk of dependency compared to benzodiazepines.
2. Educating the client about the low dependency risk is crucial to alleviate fears and promote adherence.
3. Option A is incorrect as buspirone can be taken with or without food.
4. Option B is incorrect as the full therapeutic effects of buspirone may take several weeks to manifest, not within 24 hours.
5. Option D is incorrect as buspirone is typically taken regularly, not on an as-needed basis for anxiety.
Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect because buspirone can be taken with or without food.
- Choice B is incorrect because optimal effects of buspirone may take weeks, not 24 hours.
- Choice D is incorrect because buspirone is typically taken regularly, not on an
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A student nurse is studying drugs for anxiety and insomnia. Which of the following should be avoided as they counteract anxiolytics and sedatives and may worsen anxiety symptoms?
- A. Coffee
- B. Tea
- C. Chocolate
- D. All of the above
- G. D
Correct Answer: Coffee, tea, and chocolate contain caffeine, a stimulant that counteracts anxiolytics/sedatives and may worsen anxiety.
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Caffeine, found in coffee, tea, and chocolate, is a stimulant that can counteract the effects of anxiolytics and sedatives, potentially worsening anxiety symptoms. Consuming these items can lead to increased heart rate, restlessness, and jitteriness, which are opposite effects of anxiolytics and sedatives. Therefore, it is advisable for a student nurse studying drugs for anxiety and insomnia to avoid these stimulant-containing products to prevent any interference with the effectiveness of anxiolytics and sedatives.
The risk for physical and psychological dependence is high from which class of medications, which is rarely used to treat insomnia or anxiety?
- A. Barbiturates.
- B. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
- C. Benzodiazepines.
- D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
- G. A
Correct Answer: Barbiturates have high dependence risk and are rarely used for insomnia/anxiety due to safer alternatives like benzodiazepines. NSAIDs, benzodiazepines, and SSRIs don't fit this profile.
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Barbiturates. Barbiturates are known to have a high risk of physical and psychological dependence due to their sedative effects. They are rarely used to treat insomnia or anxiety nowadays because safer alternatives like benzodiazepines are available. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are primarily used for pain and inflammation, not for insomnia or anxiety. Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed for these conditions but have a lower risk of dependence compared to barbiturates. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are antidepressants and are not typically used for the treatment of insomnia or anxiety. Therefore, the correct answer is A because barbiturates have a high dependence risk and are not commonly used for these conditions.
A teenage client is taking duloxetine (Cymbalta) for a generalized anxiety disorder. The dose has been changed by the physician. What adverse effects will the nurse advise the client and family to watch?
- A. Warning signs of suicide.
- B. Fatigue.
- C. Irritability.
- D. Weight gain.
- G. A,B,C
Correct Answer: Suicidal thoughts are a risk, especially in teens with dose changes. Fatigue and irritability are common. Weight gain is possible but less urgent to monitor than A, B, C.
Rationale: The correct answer is G: A, B, C. When a teenage client is taking duloxetine for generalized anxiety disorder and the dose has been changed, the nurse should advise the client and family to watch for warning signs of suicide (A) because duloxetine can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts, especially in teens with dose changes. Fatigue (B) and irritability (C) are common side effects of duloxetine and should also be monitored closely. While weight gain (D) is a possible side effect of duloxetine, it is less urgent to monitor compared to the risk of suicidal thoughts, fatigue, and irritability. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are the most important adverse effects to watch for in this scenario.
A client taking an MAOI should be instructed to avoid which item?
- A. Large amounts of water
- B. A diet that is high in salt
- C. A diet that is high in fat
- D. Foods that contain tyramine and caffeine .
- G. D
Correct Answer: Water, salt, and fat don't interact with MAOIs. Tyramine and caffeine can cause hypertensive crises with MAOIs.
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Foods that contain tyramine and caffeine. MAOIs inhibit the breakdown of tyramine and caffeine, leading to an accumulation in the body. Tyramine can cause a dangerous increase in blood pressure known as a hypertensive crisis. Caffeine can also contribute to this effect. Large amounts of water (A), a high-salt diet (B), and a high-fat diet (C) do not interact with MAOIs in a way that poses a significant risk. Therefore, instructing the client to avoid foods containing tyramine and caffeine is crucial to prevent potential adverse reactions.
Complete the following statement: “Drugs used for the treatment of depression and a range of anxiety disorders including panic, social phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder are known as…â€
- A. Barbiturates
- B. Rebound insomnia
- C. Antidepressants
- D. Anxiolytics
- G. C
Correct Answer: Barbiturates are sedatives. Rebound insomnia isn't a drug. Antidepressants treat depression and anxiety disorders. Anxiolytics focus on anxiety.
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antidepressants. Antidepressants are drugs specifically designed to treat depression and various anxiety disorders, including panic, social phobia, and post-traumatic stress disorder. They work by balancing neurotransmitters in the brain to improve mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety. Barbiturates (A) are sedatives, not typically used for treating anxiety or depression. Rebound insomnia (B) is a phenomenon where insomnia worsens after discontinuing sleep medications, not a class of drugs. Anxiolytics (D) are drugs that specifically target anxiety symptoms, but they do not usually address depression. Therefore, the correct choice is C as it accurately describes the drugs used for treating depression and a range of anxiety disorders.