Nokea
A nurse is reviewing evidence-based teaching and learning principles. Which situation is most conducive to learning with patients of other cultures?
- A. An auditorium is being used as a classroom for 300 students.
- B. A teacher who speaks very little Spanish is teaching a class of Hispanic students.
- C. A class is composed of students of various ages and educational backgrounds.
- D. An Asian nurse provides nutritional information to a group of pregnant Asian women.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates cultural congruence, which is essential for effective communication and learning. By having an Asian nurse providing information to pregnant Asian women, there is a shared cultural background that enhances understanding and trust. This setting promotes cultural sensitivity and tailors the information to meet the specific needs and preferences of the audience. In contrast, the other choices lack cultural relevance and may hinder effective communication and learning. Choice A involves a large group setting, which may not allow for individualized cultural considerations. Choice B highlights a language barrier that can impede understanding. Choice C presents a diverse group, which may not address the unique cultural needs of each individual.
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The nurse states to the newly pregnant patient, “Tell me how you feel about being pregnant.” Which communication technique is the nurse using with this patient?
- A. Clarifying
- B. Paraphrasing
- C. Reflection
- D. Structuring
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Reflection. The nurse is using a reflection communication technique by restating the patient's feelings to show understanding and empathy. This helps the patient feel heard and validated. Clarifying (A) involves seeking more information, paraphrasing (B) involves restating the patient's words, and structuring (D) involves providing organization or direction. In this scenario, the nurse is not seeking more details (Clarifying), restating the patient's words exactly (Paraphrasing), or providing organization/direction (Structuring), but rather reflecting the patient's emotions back to them.
A nurse is working with an active labor patient who is in preterm labor and has been designated as high risk. The patient is very apprehensive and asks the nurse, “Is everything going to be all right?” The nurse replies, “Yes, everything will be okay.” Following delivery via an emergency cesarean birth, the newborn undergoes resuscitation and does not survive. The patient is distraught over the outcome and blames the nurse for telling her that everything would be okay. Which ethical principle did the nurse violate?
- A. Autonomy N R I G B.C M U S N T O
- B. Fidelity
- C. Beneficence
- D. Accountability
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Beneficence. The nurse violated the ethical principle of beneficence by providing false reassurance to the patient, which ultimately led to a negative outcome. Beneficence means to do good and act in the best interest of the patient. By giving false hope, the nurse failed to provide truthful information that could have prepared the patient for potential complications.
A: Autonomy - This choice is not the correct answer because autonomy refers to respecting the patient's right to make their own decisions, which was not directly violated in this scenario.
B: Fidelity - This choice is not the correct answer because fidelity refers to being faithful and keeping promises to the patient, which is not the primary issue in this case.
D: Accountability - This choice is not the correct answer because accountability refers to taking responsibility for one's actions, which the nurse may need to do in this situation, but it is not the primary ethical principle violated.
In summary, the nurse violated the ethical
What is a risk factor for breast cancer?
- A. menarche at age 15
- B. family history of diabetes
- C. alcohol use of at least 2 drinks per day
- D. history of three vaginal births by age 25
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: alcohol use of at least 2 drinks per day. Alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for breast cancer as it can increase estrogen levels in the body, which may contribute to the development of breast cancer. Menarche at age 15 (Choice A) is not a risk factor, as early menarche is associated with a slightly increased risk but not a significant one. Family history of diabetes (Choice B) is unrelated to breast cancer risk. History of three vaginal births by age 25 (Choice D) is actually a protective factor against breast cancer due to the changes in hormonal levels during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
The nurse is providing education for disease prevention to the adult female patient. Which factor puts the patient at a higher risk for multisystem disease processes such as cardiac issues, gynecological issues, and cancers?
- A. Consuming two glasses of wine a week
- B. Smoking two packs of cigarettes a day
- C. Having a body mass index of over 32
- D. Having poor intake of calcium and vegetables
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. Smoking is a major risk factor for multisystem diseases like cardiac issues, gynecological issues, and cancers due to the harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke. Smoking is linked to heart disease, lung cancer, cervical cancer, and other health issues.
A: Consuming two glasses of wine a week is not a significant risk factor for multisystem diseases compared to smoking. Moderate alcohol consumption may even have some health benefits.
C: Having a body mass index of over 32 is a risk factor for certain health conditions like diabetes and hypertension, but it is not as directly linked to multisystem diseases as smoking.
D: Having poor intake of calcium and vegetables can lead to deficiencies and certain health issues, but it is not as strongly associated with multisystem diseases as smoking.
Which sexually transmitted infection (STI) is the most commonly reported in American women?
- A. Gonorrhea
- B. Syphilis
- C. Chlamydia
- D. Candidiasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chlamydia is the most common and fastest spreading STI among American women, with an estimated 3 million new cases each year.