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A nurse is reviewing medication records for several clients who have bipolar disorder. The nurse should recognize that which of the following medications are used to treat clients with bipolar disorder? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Valproate (Depakote)
- B. Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
- C. Lithium (Eskalith)
- D. Donepezil (Aricept)
- E. Paroxetine (Paxil)
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, and C. Valproate, Carbamazepine, and Lithium are commonly used to treat clients with bipolar disorder. Valproate helps stabilize mood swings, Carbamazepine is effective for manic episodes, and Lithium is a mood stabilizer that reduces the frequency and intensity of manic episodes. Donepezil is used to treat Alzheimer's disease, not bipolar disorder. Paroxetine is an antidepressant used for treating depression and anxiety disorders, not specifically for bipolar disorder. In summary, Valproate, Carbamazepine, and Lithium are the appropriate medications for managing bipolar disorder, while Donepezil and Paroxetine are not typically used for this purpose.
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During a group therapy meeting,a client brings up a concern about the cleanliness of the bathroom. The nurse asks the group what should be done about the issue and how to resolve it. The nurse is demonstrating which type of leadership style?
- A. Laissez-faire
- B. Surrogate
- C. Autocratic
- D. Democratic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Democratic. In a democratic leadership style, the leader involves group members in decision-making. In this scenario, the nurse is asking the group for input and involving them in the process of resolving the issue, which aligns with the democratic approach. This empowers the group members to participate in finding a solution and promotes teamwork.
A: Laissez-faire is incorrect because in this style, the leader is hands-off and does not provide much guidance or direction.
B: Surrogate is incorrect as it refers to a substitute leader who takes over temporarily.
C: Autocratic is incorrect because in this style, the leader makes decisions without consulting the group.
Overall, the democratic leadership style is the most suitable for fostering collaboration and addressing group concerns effectively in this context.
Which of the following factors increases a client's risk of experiencing a crisis?
- A. Stable employment
- B. Positive coping skills
- C. History of trauma
- D. Strong social support system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: History of trauma. A history of trauma increases a client's risk of experiencing a crisis due to unresolved emotional wounds, triggering distressing memories, and impacting their ability to cope effectively. Trauma can lead to heightened stress responses and exacerbate mental health issues, making individuals more vulnerable to crises.
Incorrect choices: A) Stable employment and D) Strong social support system are protective factors that reduce the risk of crises. B) Positive coping skills enhance resilience and help individuals manage stress effectively, decreasing crisis likelihood.
A nurse is obtaining a health history from a client. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as possible risk factors for iron deficiency anemia?
- A. The client eats red meat daily.
- B. The client has had gastric bypass surgery.
- C. The client has had treatment for gastrointestinal cancer.
- D. The client eats mostly prepackaged,processed foods.
- E. The client has ulcerative colitis.
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: The correct answer includes choices B, C, D, and E. Gastric bypass surgery can lead to malabsorption of iron, increasing the risk of anemia. Treatment for gastrointestinal cancer can also affect iron absorption. Eating mostly prepackaged, processed foods may lack iron-rich foods, contributing to anemia risk. Ulcerative colitis can cause intestinal bleeding, leading to iron deficiency. Choice A is incorrect as red meat is a good source of iron.
Give Dobutamine 5.5 mcg/kg/min. The drug is available as 750 mg in 500 ml of fluid. The client weighs 220 pounds. Calculate mcg/min, mcg/hr, and ml/hr. (Include the unit of measure for each answer).
Correct Answer: 22
Rationale: To calculate mcg/min: 5.5 mcg/kg/min * 220 lb * (1 kg/2.2 lb) = 1,100 mcg/min. To convert mcg/hr: 1,100 mcg/min * 60 min/hr = 66,000 mcg/hr. To find ml/hr: 750 mg / 500 ml = 1.5 mg/ml. 5.5 mcg/kg/min * 220 lb * (1 kg/2.2 lb) = 1,100 mcg/min. 1,100 mcg/min * 60 min/hr = 66,000 mcg/hr. 66,000 mcg/hr / 1,000 = 66 mg/hr. 66 mg/hr / 1.5 mg/ml = 44 ml/hr. Therefore, the correct answer is 22 mcg/min, 66,000 mcg/hr, and 44 ml/hr. Other choices are
The nurse is teaching a client about cellular hypertrophy. Which statement should be included in the teaching?
- A. It's uncontrolled proliferative cell growth that is cancerous.
- B. It's the enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in cell size.
- C. It's the wasting away of tissue or organs.
- D. It's the abnormal growth or development of cells.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because cellular hypertrophy refers to the increase in the size of cells leading to the enlargement of an organ or tissue. This is a normal physiological response to increased demand or stress. Choice A is incorrect as uncontrolled proliferative cell growth leading to cancer is known as neoplasia, not hypertrophy. Choice C is incorrect as wasting away of tissue is termed as atrophy, not hypertrophy. Choice D is incorrect as abnormal cell growth or development is more indicative of dysplasia or metaplasia, not hypertrophy.