Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy Quizlet

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a prenatal client. She notices that her hemoglobin is 10.5. The nurse realizes this laboratory result indicates which of the following?

  • A. Low vitamin intake has resulted in a decrease in red blood cell production.
  • B. Plasma volume increase is greater than red blood cell production and has resulted in a decrease in hemoglobin.
  • C. This is a serious problem that might harm the fetus.
  • D. A repeat blood test should be done immediately to confirm that the client has anemia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a hemoglobin level of 10.5 indicates a decrease in hemoglobin concentration, which is typically caused by an increase in plasma volume during pregnancy. This dilution effect results in a lower concentration of red blood cells in the blood, leading to lower hemoglobin levels. This physiological change is normal during pregnancy and is known as physiological anemia.

Choice A is incorrect because low vitamin intake would not directly result in a decrease in red blood cell production leading to low hemoglobin levels.

Choice C is incorrect because a hemoglobin level of 10.5, although lower than normal, does not necessarily indicate a serious problem that would harm the fetus.

Choice D is incorrect because a repeat blood test is not immediately necessary to confirm anemia as the low hemoglobin level can be explained by the normal increase in plasma volume during pregnancy.

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Some pregnant patients may complain of changes in their voice and impaired hearing. The nurse can tell these patients that these are common reactions to:

  • A. a decreased estrogen level.
  • B. displacement of the diaphragm, resulting in thoracic breathing.
  • C. congestion and swelling, which occur because the upper respiratory tract has become more vascular.
  • D. increased blood volume.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Estrogen levels increase, causing the upper respiratory tract to become more vascular producing swelling and congestion in the nose and ears leading to voice changes and impaired hearing.

The nurse is educating a pregnant client about common discomforts during the third trimester. Which statement by the nurse is appropriate?

  • A. Perform pelvic-tilt exercises.
  • B. Eat crackers prior to getting out of bed in the morning.
  • C. Use humidifiers or saline nose drops.
  • D. Wear a supportive bra.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perform pelvic-tilt exercises. Pelvic-tilt exercises help alleviate back pain common in the third trimester by strengthening abdominal muscles and reducing strain on the lower back. This is appropriate for addressing discomforts during pregnancy.

B: Eating crackers before getting out of bed helps with morning sickness, not third-trimester discomforts.

C: Using humidifiers or saline nose drops is more related to nasal congestion, not common discomforts in the third trimester.

D: Wearing a supportive bra is important during pregnancy but does not directly address common discomforts in the third trimester.

A patient in her first trimester complains of nausea and vomiting. She asks, 'Why does this happen?' The nurse's best response is:

  • A. It is due to an increase in gastric motility
  • B. It may be due to changes in hormones
  • C. It is related to an increase in glucose levels
  • D. It is caused by a decrease in gastric secretions
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are primarily caused by hormonal changes, particularly elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and progesterone levels.

A nurse is educating a pregnant client about ways to prevent UTIs. Which statement by the client indicates that she understands the information from the nurse?

  • A. I should decrease my fluid intake.
  • B. Drinking Coke will prevent me from getting a UTI.
  • C. I should always empty my bladder right after I have intercourse.
  • D. I should drink orange juice every morning.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I should always empty my bladder right after I have intercourse." This is correct because emptying the bladder after intercourse helps to flush out bacteria and reduce the risk of UTIs. Choice A is incorrect as adequate fluid intake is important to prevent UTIs. Choice B is incorrect as drinking Coke does not prevent UTIs and may even increase the risk due to its sugar content. Choice D is incorrect as there is no evidence to suggest that drinking orange juice prevents UTIs. Overall, choice C is the best preventative measure supported by medical evidence.

Physiologic anemia often occurs during pregnancy as a result of:

  • A. inadequate intake of iron.
  • B. dilution of hemoglobin concentration.
  • C. the fetus establishing iron stores.
  • D. decreased production of erythrocytes.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Physiologic anemia during pregnancy occurs due to the expansion of plasma volume, causing a dilution of hemoglobin concentration. Increased blood volume is necessary to support the growing fetus, leading to a relative decrease in hemoglobin levels. Inadequate iron intake (Choice A) can cause iron-deficiency anemia but is not the primary reason for physiologic anemia in pregnancy. The fetus establishing iron stores (Choice C) is unrelated to the maternal anemia. Decreased production of erythrocytes (Choice D) is not the main cause of anemia in pregnancy; rather, it is the dilution effect from increased plasma volume.

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