Disorders in Reproductive System

Disorders in Reproductive System Related

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A nurse is taking a health history of a male patient with a possible diagnosis of erectile dysfunction. Which of the following statements made by the patient would the nurse recognize as risk factors for erectile dysfunction?

  • A. I have had type 1 diabetes mellitus since I was 8 years old.
  • B. I frequently have urinary tract infections.
  • C. I am taking medications to control my blood pressure.
  • D. I have an enlarged prostate gland.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because type 1 diabetes mellitus is a well-known risk factor for erectile dysfunction due to its impact on blood flow and nerve function. Diabetes can damage blood vessels and nerves that are essential for achieving and maintaining an erection. This patient's long history of type 1 diabetes increases the likelihood of developing erectile dysfunction.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because urinary tract infections, blood pressure medications, and an enlarged prostate gland are not directly associated with erectile dysfunction. Urinary tract infections typically do not affect erectile function, blood pressure medications may have erectile dysfunction as a side effect but are not a direct risk factor, and an enlarged prostate gland is more related to urinary symptoms rather than erectile dysfunction.

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A male client, living in an underdeveloped country, is diagnosed with chlamydia, acquired through an ophthalmic infection by autoinoculation. Which of the following are the symptoms experienced by the client?

  • A. Testicular pain
  • B. Anal infection
  • C. Granulation of the cornea and blindness
  • D. Sore throat with an infected pharynx
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chlamydial eye infections can lead to serious complications like granulation and blindness if untreated.

What effect does luteinizing hormone (LH) have on a female?

  • A. LH promotes enlargement of the female's breasts.
  • B. LH has no effect on a female
  • C. LH causes secondary sex characteristics to develop in a femal
  • D. LH triggers ovulation in a female
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: LH triggers ovulation in a female. LH is a hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates the release of an egg from the ovary during the menstrual cycle. This process is known as ovulation. It is a crucial step in the reproductive cycle of females.

A: LH does not promote the enlargement of female breasts. Breast growth is primarily regulated by estrogen and progesterone.
B: LH does have a significant effect on females, particularly in the reproductive system.
C: While LH does contribute to the development of secondary sex characteristics in females, its main role is in triggering ovulation.

The female sex of the child involves the following during fecundation:

  • A. the spermatozoon should contain the X sex chromosome;
  • B. the spermatozoon should contain the Y sex chromosome;
  • C. the ovule should contain the contain the Y sex chromosome;
  • D. the spermatozoon should contain the X sex chromosome and the ovule should contain the contain the X sex chromosome
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because during fecundation, the female sex of the child is determined by the presence of the X sex chromosome in the spermatozoon and the ovule. This leads to the combination of XX chromosomes, resulting in a female child. Choice A (spermatozoon with X chromosome) alone would lead to a female child, but it requires the ovule to also have an X chromosome for the correct combination. Choice B (spermatozoon with Y chromosome) would result in a male child. Choice C (ovule with Y chromosome) is incorrect as the ovule always contains an X chromosome. Thus, the correct combination for a female child is when the spermatozoon contains the X chromosome and the ovule contains the X chromosome.

Within each ovary there are thousands of small sacs called

  • A. Ova
  • B. Graafian follicle
  • C. Corpus luteum
  • D. Cysts
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Graafian follicle. Within the ovary, thousands of small sacs called follicles develop and grow, with one dominant follicle eventually maturing into a Graafian follicle. This structure contains the ovum (egg) and is released during ovulation. Ova (A) are the mature eggs released from the Graafian follicle. Corpus luteum (C) forms after ovulation and produces hormones to support pregnancy. Cysts (D) are abnormal fluid-filled sacs that can develop in the ovaries, different from the normal follicles.

What is produced by the ovaries?

  • A. Primary oocytes, insulin and estrogen
  • B. Secondary oocytes, progesterone and cortisol
  • C. Tertiary oocytes, insulin and estrogen
  • D. Secondary oocytes, estrogen and progesterone
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the ovaries produce secondary oocytes, which are released during ovulation for fertilization. Additionally, the ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone, which are essential for the menstrual cycle and reproductive health. Choice A is incorrect as primary oocytes are present before birth and insulin is produced by the pancreas. Choice B is incorrect because cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands, not the ovaries. Choice C is incorrect as tertiary oocytes do not exist, and insulin is produced by the pancreas.

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