Nokea
A nurse is teaching a client about his prescribed potassium replacement therapy. The client is to continue taking the drug orally at home. After teaching the client about this therapy, the nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the client states which of the following?
- A. I'll take the drug immediately after a meal.
- B. I need to drink a full glass of water when I take the drug.
- C. If I have trouble swallowing the drug, I can crush it.
- D. If the pharmacy gives me a liquid form, I can mix it in cold water or juice.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When given orally, potassium may cause GI distress. Therefore, it is given immediately after meals or with food and a full glass of water. Oral potassium must not be crushed or chewed.
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A client has developed electrolyte imbalances. The nurse understands that which of the following would most likely contribute to the client's current situation? Select all that apply.
- A. Vomiting
- B. Constipation
- C. Surgery
- D. Drug administration
- E. Diagnostic tests
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: The following can result in electrolyte imbalances in a client: vomiting, diarrhea, surgery, drug administration, and diagnostic tests.
A physician orders normal saline for a client to replace lost fluids due to poor oral intake. The order is for 1000 mL normal saline to be infused over a period of 6 hours. If the drop factor is 20 drops/mL, the nurse would set the IV flow rate at
- A. 55 drops/min
- B. 56 drops/min
- C. 57 drops/min
- D. 58 drops/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 1000 mL / 6 hours = 166.7 mL/hr; 166.7 mL/hr ? 1 hr/60 min = 2.8 mL/min; 2.8 mL/min ? 20 = 55.5 or 56 drops/min.
A client is at risk for hypercalcemic syndrome. The primary health care provider prescribes additional therapy to combat this syndrome. Which of the following would the nurse expect to be prescribed? Select all that apply.
- A. Sodium chloride
- B. Potassium
- C. Furosemide
- D. Magnesium
- E. Bicarbonate
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: To combat hypercalcemic syndrome, the primary health care provider may prescribe IV sodium chloride and a potent diuretic such as furosemide. When used together, these two drugs markedly increase calcium renal clearance and reduce hypercalcemia.
A nurse suspects a client receiving an infusion of normal saline may have hypernatremia based on assessment of which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Fever
- B. Dry skin
- C. Thirst
- D. Polyuria
- E. Weight gain
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Signs and symptoms of hypernatremia include fever, hot, dry skin; sticky mucous membranes; rough, dry tongue; edema; weight gain; intense thirst; excitement; restlessness; agitation; and oliguria or anuria.
A nurse administering potassium to a client should monitor the client closely for signs of hyperkalemia if the client is concomitantly taking which of the following medications? Select all that apply.
- A. Lisinopril (Prinivil)
- B. Metoprolol (Lopressor)
- C. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- D. Furosemide (Lasix)
- E. Hydrochlorothiazide
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: A nurse administering potassium to a client should monitor the client closely for signs of hyperkalemia if the client is concomitantly taking the following medications: ACE inhibitors (lisinopril) and potassium-sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone.