Nokea
A nurse is teaching a patient about the largeintestine in elimination. In which order will the nurse list the structures, starting with the first portion?
- A. Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, and rectum
- B. Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid, rectum, and cecum
- C. Cecum, sigmoid, ascending, transverse, descending, and rectum
- D. Ascending, transverse, descending, rectum, sigmoid, and cecum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The order in which the structures of the large intestine are listed starting with the first portion is as follows: cecum (the pouch where the large intestine begins), ascending colon (runs vertically up the right side of the abdomen), transverse colon (crosses horizontally from the right side of the abdomen to the left), descending colon (descends vertically down the left side of the abdomen), sigmoid colon (the S-shaped curve that leads into the rectum), and rectum (the final portion where feces are stored before being eliminated from the body). Therefore, option A provides the correct order of structures in the large intestine during elimination.
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Which disease process improves during pregnancy?
- A. Epilepsy
- B. Bell’s palsy
- C. Rheumatoid arthritis
- D. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis shows marked improvement during pregnancy, although the reason for this is not entirely clear. The improvement is often significant, leading to relief from symptoms for many pregnant individuals with this condition. However, it's important to note that this improvement is temporary, as relapse typically occurs within 36 months postpartum. The exact mechanisms behind this temporary improvement are not fully understood, but hormones and changes in the immune system during pregnancy are believed to play a role in modifying the disease process.
The public health nurse is presenting a health-promotion class to a group at a local community center. Which intervention most directly addresses the leading cause of cancer deaths in North America?
- A. Monthly self-breast exams
- B. Smoking cessation
- C. Annual colonoscopies
- D. Monthly testicular exams
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Smoking cessation most directly addresses the leading cause of cancer deaths in North America, which is lung cancer. Tobacco use, particularly cigarette smoking, is the primary cause of lung cancer. By helping individuals quit smoking, the public health nurse is targeting the main risk factor for lung cancer and therefore addressing the root cause of the issue. This intervention has the potential to have a significant impact on reducing cancer-related deaths in the community. Monthly self-breast exams, annual colonoscopies, and monthly testicular exams are important for detecting breast, colon, and testicular cancers respectively, but they do not directly address the leading cause of cancer deaths in North America.
The nurse is providing discharge education for a patient with a new diagnosis of Mnires disease. What food should the patient be instructed to limit or avoid?
- A. Sweet pickles
- B. Frozen yogurt
- C. Shellfish
- D. Red meat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients with Meniere's disease are often advised to limit their intake of salt as excess salt can worsen symptoms such as dizziness and vertigo. Shellfish tend to be high in sodium, so patients with Meniere's disease should be instructed to avoid or limit their consumption of shellfish to help manage their condition. It is important for the nurse to provide comprehensive diet education to the patient to help them minimize symptoms and improve their overall quality of life.
A nurse is providing care for a patient who has recently been admitted to the postsurgical unit from PACU following a transuretheral resection of the prostate. The nurse is aware of the nursing diagnosis of Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume. In order to assess for this risk, the nurse should prioritize what action?
- A. Closely monitoring the input and output of the bladder irrigation system
- B. Administering parenteral nutrition and fluids as ordered
- C. Monitoring the patients level of consciousness and skin turgor
- D. Scanning the patients bladder for retention every 2 hours
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should prioritize closely monitoring the input and output of the bladder irrigation system to assess for the risk of imbalanced fluid volume in a patient following a transuretheral resection of the prostate. Bladder irrigation is a common postoperative procedure used to prevent blood clots and help with healing. Monitoring the input and output of the bladder irrigation system is crucial in assessing the patient's fluid balance. Changes in the output may indicate bleeding or retention, which can lead to imbalanced fluid volume. By closely monitoring the bladder irrigation system, the nurse can promptly identify any issues and intervene accordingly to prevent further complications. Monitoring the patient's level of consciousness, skin turgor, and scanning for bladder retention are important assessments, but for this specific situation, monitoring the bladder irrigation system is the priority to assess for imbalanced fluid volume.
The nurse is caring for a patient with an advanced stage of breast cancer and the patient has recently learned that her cancer has metastasized. The nurse enters the room and finds the patient struggling to breath and the nurses rapid assessment reveals that the patients jugular veins are distended. The nurse should suspect the development of what oncologic emergency?
- A. Increased intracranial pressure
- B. Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS)
- C. Spinal cord compression
- D. Metastatic tumor of the neck
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a medical emergency that can occur in patients with advanced cancer, such as breast cancer with metastasis. SVCS is caused by the obstruction or compression of the superior vena cava, a large vein that carries blood from the upper body back to the heart. When the superior vena cava is obstructed or compressed, it can lead to symptoms such as difficulty breathing (dyspnea) and distended jugular veins.