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A nurse is teaching a patient with asthma about managing asthma attacks. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates proper understanding?
- A. I should use my inhaler when I feel an asthma attack coming on.
- B. I should wait until my symptoms worsen before using my inhaler.
- C. I should use my inhaler only when I am feeling short of breath.
- D. I can skip using my inhaler if I feel fine.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using the inhaler when feeling an asthma attack coming on allows for prompt relief by opening airways. Waiting for symptoms to worsen (B) can lead to a severe attack. Using the inhaler only when short of breath (C) may delay treatment. Skipping the inhaler when feeling fine (D) can be dangerous if an attack occurs suddenly. Answer A ensures timely intervention for effective asthma management.
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Which food helps lower cholesterol?
- A. Fiber-rich foods
- B. Reduce diabetic ketoacidosis
- C. Lower cholesterol
- D. Reduce the need for folate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lower cholesterol. Foods that help lower cholesterol typically include sources of soluble fiber, plant sterols, and healthy fats like omega-3 fatty acids. These components can lower LDL (bad) cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease. Fiber-rich foods (choice A) are beneficial for lowering cholesterol due to their ability to bind to cholesterol and remove it from the body. Reduce diabetic ketoacidosis (choice B) is unrelated to lowering cholesterol and is a serious complication of diabetes. Reduce the need for folate (choice D) is not directly related to cholesterol levels. Thus, the correct choice is C as it directly addresses the question about lowering cholesterol.
A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is being assessed. The nurse would expect to find which of the following symptoms?
- A. Weight loss and polyphagia.
- B. Edema and proteinuria.
- C. Hypertension and tachycardia.
- D. Hypothermia and bradycardia.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Edema and proteinuria. In CKD, the kidneys are unable to filter waste products effectively, leading to fluid retention (edema) and protein leaking into the urine (proteinuria). Edema occurs due to fluid buildup from decreased kidney function. Proteinuria is a result of damaged glomeruli in the kidneys, allowing proteins to leak into the urine. Weight loss and polyphagia (excessive hunger) are not typical symptoms of CKD. Hypertension and tachycardia can occur in CKD due to fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances. Hypothermia and bradycardia are not common symptoms of CKD and would be more indicative of other conditions.
What should be the nurse's first action when caring for a client with a traumatic amputation?
- A. Apply pressure and elevate the limb
- B. Stop the bleeding and control shock
- C. Place the client in a Trendelenburg position
- D. Place the client in a sitting position
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct first action is A: Apply pressure and elevate the limb. This is because applying pressure helps control bleeding and elevating the limb reduces blood flow to the area, minimizing further blood loss. This immediate intervention is crucial in managing the traumatic amputation and preventing complications.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Stopping bleeding and controlling shock can be important but not the first action.
C: Placing the client in a Trendelenburg position (feet elevated higher than the head) is contraindicated in cases of traumatic amputation as it can increase bleeding.
D: Placing the client in a sitting position is not appropriate as it can worsen bleeding and lead to further complications.
What should be the nurse's first action for a client with a suspected myocardial infarction (MI)?
- A. Administer nitroglycerin
- B. Monitor cardiac rhythm
- C. Assess the ECG
- D. Assist with positioning
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer nitroglycerin. This is the nurse's first action for a client with a suspected MI because nitroglycerin helps dilate blood vessels, improving blood flow to the heart. This can help reduce chest pain and prevent further damage to the heart muscle. Administering nitroglycerin promptly is crucial in managing an MI. Monitoring cardiac rhythm (B) and assessing the ECG (C) are important steps, but administering nitroglycerin takes precedence in addressing the client's immediate symptoms. Assisting with positioning (D) is not as urgent or directly related to managing an MI compared to administering nitroglycerin.
Critique the following statement made by the nurse: "I know it may be hard, but you should do what the doctor ordered because he/she is the expert in this field.'
- A. This statement is inappropriate because it shows the nurse's bias.
- B. This statement is appropriate because members of the health care team are experts in the area of patient care.
- C. This type of statement creates dependency and inferiority in the patient and is best avoided in an interview situation.
- D. At times, it is necessary to use authority statements when dealing with patients, especially when they are undecided about an issue.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the statement made by the nurse implies a power dynamic that can create dependency and inferiority in the patient, which is not conducive to a patient-centered approach. In a healthcare setting, it is important to empower patients to be active participants in their care decisions rather than being passive recipients. Encouraging patients to blindly follow orders without understanding or questioning can lead to poor outcomes and lack of patient engagement. Therefore, it is best to avoid making statements that reinforce hierarchical relationships and instead foster open communication and shared decision-making.
The other choices are incorrect because:
A: This choice focuses on bias, which is not the main issue at hand in this scenario.
B: While healthcare team members are experts in their respective fields, the emphasis should be on collaborative decision-making rather than blind obedience.
D: Using authority statements may be necessary in certain situations, but it does not address the potential harm of creating dependency and inferiority in the patient.