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A nurse is teaching a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) about dietary changes. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates proper understanding?
- A. I should limit my intake of foods high in potassium and phosphorus.
- B. I should increase my fluid intake to stay hydrated.
- C. I can eat as much protein as I want to promote healing.
- D. I should drink more sodas for hydration.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. In CKD, limiting potassium and phosphorus intake is crucial to prevent electrolyte imbalances and further kidney damage. Excessive protein intake can worsen kidney function, so the patient should not eat as much protein as they want. Increasing fluid intake is beneficial for hydration, but sodas are not recommended due to their high sugar and phosphorus content, which can be harmful for CKD patients. Therefore, option A is the best choice for proper understanding of dietary changes in CKD.
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What question would you initially ask a patient who has a positive tuberculin test?
- A. Have you recently been hospitalized?
- B. Are you a member of the homeless population?
- C. Have you received bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)?
- D. Have you been out of the country over the past 3 months?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct initial question to ask a patient with a positive tuberculin test is whether they have received bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. This is because BCG vaccination can cause a false positive result on the tuberculin test due to cross-reactivity with the purified protein derivative (PPD) used in the test. Asking about recent hospitalization (A), homelessness (B), or recent travel out of the country (D) would not provide relevant information regarding the interpretation of the positive tuberculin test.
In the socioenvironmental model, the focus of the health care provider includes:
- A. changing the patient's perceptions of disease.
- B. identification of biomedical model interventions.
- C. identifying the negative health behaviours of the patient.
- D. helping the patient view health as a resource.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in the socioenvironmental model, the health care provider aims to help the patient view health as a resource. This approach emphasizes empowering patients to take control of their health by recognizing it as an asset that enables them to lead fulfilling lives. By focusing on health as a resource, the provider encourages positive health behaviors and preventive measures.
A, changing the patient's perceptions of disease, is incorrect because the socioenvironmental model does not solely target disease perceptions but rather prioritizes health promotion.
B, identification of biomedical model interventions, is incorrect as the socioenvironmental model places more emphasis on holistic and social determinants of health rather than solely biomedical interventions.
C, identifying the negative health behaviors of the patient, is also incorrect as the model aims to address health behaviors in a positive and empowering way rather than focusing solely on negatives.
A nurse is teaching a patient with asthma about managing triggers. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I should avoid exposure to allergens and pollutants.
- B. I should avoid exercising outdoors in cold air.
- C. I should smoke to relieve stress and manage symptoms.
- D. I should use my inhaler before exercise if recommended by my doctor.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "I should smoke to relieve stress and manage symptoms." This statement indicates a need for further education because smoking can worsen asthma symptoms. Here's the rationale:
1. Smoking is a common trigger for asthma exacerbations due to irritants in tobacco smoke.
2. Smoking can lead to airway inflammation and constriction, making asthma symptoms more severe.
3. Asthma management involves avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke exposure.
4. Choices A, B, and D are correct as they align with asthma management guidelines to avoid triggers and use inhalers as prescribed.
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the concept of ethnicity?
- A. Ethnicity is dynamic and ever changing because of political forces.
- B. Ethnicity refers to a group that shares heritage, culture, language, or religion.
- C. Ethnicity refers to the belief in a higher power or being.
- D. Ethnicity is a learned behaviour that includes language and socialization.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because ethnicity is defined by shared heritage, culture, language, or religion. This definition encompasses the key components that make up an individual's ethnic identity. Choice A is incorrect because while political forces may influence ethnicity, it does not define the concept itself. Choice C is incorrect as ethnicity is not necessarily related to belief in a higher power. Choice D is incorrect as ethnicity is not solely a learned behavior but also includes innate aspects like heritage.
Which of the following statements illustrates the biomedical model of Western traditional views?
- A. Health is viewed as the absence of disease.
- B. Optimal health is viewed as high-level wellness.
- C. Health and disease are considered parts of a cyclical process.
- D. The treatment of disease is nursing's primary focus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the biomedical model focuses on defining health as the absence of disease. This model emphasizes biological factors in understanding and treating illnesses. It is reductionist in nature, viewing health issues as purely physical and separate from social or psychological aspects. Choices B, C, and D do not align with the biomedical model. B emphasizes overall well-being, not just the absence of disease. C suggests a more holistic approach, while D implies a focus on nursing rather than the medical model's emphasis on disease treatment.