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A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about foot care. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates proper understanding?
- A. I will inspect my feet daily for cuts or blisters.
- B. I will wear tight shoes to avoid blisters.
- C. I will avoid trimming my toenails to prevent injury.
- D. I will not worry about foot care unless I experience pain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because daily inspection helps identify issues early, preventing complications. B is incorrect as tight shoes can cause blisters. C is wrong as proper toenail trimming is essential. D is incorrect because prevention is key in diabetic foot care.
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A nurse is frequently bothered when a patient does not take the medications as prescribed until the patient speaks with her family. The nurse is so irritated by this behaviour that he often finds it hard to provide appropriate care to this individual. What should the nurse do first in trying to overcome his difficulty?
- A. Identify the meaning of family inclusion to the patient
- B. Understand that this is a cultural practice that is helpful to the patient
- C. Allow the patient to take her medications only when she feels comfortable
- D. Discuss with the patient the importance of independent health decisions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Recognize Cultural Sensitivity - Understanding that family inclusion is a cultural practice is crucial as it helps the nurse appreciate the patient's perspective. Step 2: Empathy - Acknowledging the significance of family involvement for the patient shows empathy and respect for their beliefs and values. Step 3: Effective Communication - By recognizing and respecting the cultural practice, the nurse can build a trusting relationship with the patient and her family, leading to better adherence to medication and improved care outcomes. In summary, Option B is correct as it emphasizes cultural competence and patient-centered care. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not address the core issue of cultural understanding and may hinder effective communication and relationship-building with the patient and her family.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of alcohol abuse. The nurse should be aware that this patient is at increased risk for which of the following complications?
- A. Chronic liver disease.
- B. Chronic kidney disease.
- C. Pulmonary embolism.
- D. Stroke.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic liver disease. Patients with a history of alcohol abuse are at increased risk for chronic liver disease due to the toxic effects of alcohol on the liver. Alcohol can lead to fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The liver plays a crucial role in metabolizing alcohol, and excessive alcohol consumption can overwhelm the liver's ability to detoxify the body. Chronic kidney disease (B), pulmonary embolism (C), and stroke (D) are not directly associated with alcohol abuse. Kidney disease is more commonly linked to conditions like diabetes and hypertension, pulmonary embolism is often related to blood clotting disorders, and stroke can be caused by factors such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.
Which of the following statements about nursing diagnoses is true? Nursing diagnoses:
- A. evaluate the etiology of disease.
- B. are a process based on medical diagnosis.
- C. evaluate the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems.
- D. focus on the function and malfunction of a specific organ system in response to disease.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Nursing diagnoses evaluate the response of the whole person to health problems, not just specific organ systems.
2. They focus on the individual's physical, emotional, social, and spiritual well-being.
3. Nursing diagnoses are independent of medical diagnoses and consider the person holistically.
4. Option C aligns with the nursing process and the holistic approach of nursing care.
Summary:
Option A is incorrect as nursing diagnoses do not solely evaluate the etiology of disease. Option B is incorrect as nursing diagnoses are independent of medical diagnoses. Option D is incorrect as nursing diagnoses focus on the whole person, not just specific organ systems.
A 30-year-old female patient is describing feelings of hopelessness and depression. She has attempted self-mutilation and has a history of prior suicide attempts. She describes difficulty sleeping at night and has lost 4.5 kg (10 lb) in the past month. Which of the following is the nurse's best response in this situation?
- A. Do you own any lethal weapon?
- B. How do other people treat you?
- C. Are you feeling so hopeless that you feel like hurting yourself now?
- D. People often feel hopeless, but the feeling resolves within a few weeks.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Are you feeling so hopeless that you feel like hurting yourself now?" This response directly addresses the patient's suicidal ideation and assesses the immediate risk of harm. It shows the nurse's concern for the patient's safety and allows for further evaluation and intervention if necessary.
Option A is incorrect because asking about owning a lethal weapon does not directly address the patient's current mental state and immediate risk of harm. Option B is incorrect as it focuses on external factors rather than the patient's internal feelings of hopelessness and suicidal thoughts. Option D is incorrect as it minimizes the seriousness of the patient's symptoms and may lead to overlooking the urgency of the situation.
A patient is diagnosed with anemia. The nurse is educating the patient about dietary sources of iron. Which of the following foods is the best source of iron?
- A. Eggs.
- B. Spinach.
- C. Chicken liver.
- D. Oranges.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chicken liver. Chicken liver is the best source of heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme iron found in plant-based foods like spinach or oranges. Eggs do contain iron, but in smaller amounts compared to chicken liver. Oranges, on the other hand, are a source of vitamin C which can enhance iron absorption but do not contain significant amounts of iron themselves.