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A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about managing their condition. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates proper understanding?
- A. I will monitor my blood glucose regularly.
- B. I can stop taking my insulin when my blood glucose is normal.
- C. I should only use my insulin when I feel symptoms of high blood sugar.
- D. I will eat sugary foods if I feel tired or weak.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "I will monitor my blood glucose regularly." This statement shows proper understanding as monitoring blood glucose levels is essential for managing diabetes effectively. Regular monitoring helps the patient track their blood sugar levels and make informed decisions about medication, diet, and lifestyle.
Incorrect choices:
B: Stopping insulin when blood glucose is normal can lead to dangerous complications.
C: Using insulin only when symptoms of high blood sugar are present is not a safe or effective approach.
D: Eating sugary foods when feeling tired or weak can cause blood sugar spikes and worsen diabetes control.
In summary, choice A is correct because it reflects the importance of consistent blood glucose monitoring in diabetes management, while the other choices suggest potentially harmful misconceptions.
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A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of hypertension. The nurse should educate the patient to avoid which of the following?
- A. Increasing potassium intake.
- B. Consuming more fruits and vegetables.
- C. Limiting sodium intake.
- D. Increasing caffeine consumption.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increasing caffeine consumption. Caffeine can potentially raise blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. The rationale is that caffeine is a stimulant that can lead to temporary spikes in blood pressure. This can be harmful for patients with a history of hypertension as it can exacerbate their condition.
A: Increasing potassium intake is generally recommended for individuals with hypertension as it can help lower blood pressure.
B: Consuming more fruits and vegetables is also beneficial for hypertension due to their high fiber and nutrient content.
C: Limiting sodium intake is crucial for managing hypertension as high sodium levels can lead to increased blood pressure.
In summary, increasing caffeine consumption is the correct answer to avoid for patients with hypertension, as it can potentially worsen their condition by raising blood pressure.
What is the correct interpretation of a drumlike sound heard during percussion of the abdomen?
- A. Constipation
- B. Air-filled areas
- C. The presence of a tumor
- D. The presence of dense organs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct interpretation of a drumlike sound heard during percussion of the abdomen is that it indicates air-filled areas within the abdomen. This sound, known as tympany, occurs when air is present in the gastrointestinal tract or hollow organs. Percussion produces a resonant, drum-like sound over these air-filled areas. This is a normal finding during a physical examination.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Constipation does not typically produce a drumlike sound during percussion. Constipation may cause a dull sound due to fecal matter retention.
C: The presence of a tumor would not cause a drumlike sound during percussion. Tumors are typically solid masses and would produce a dull sound during percussion.
D: Dense organs such as the liver or spleen would produce a dull sound, not a drumlike sound, during percussion due to their solid nature.
Expecting that all Chinese persons believe in the hot"“cold theory of health and illness is an example of:
- A. critical cultural perspective.
- B. culturalism.
- C. ethnic practice.
- D. ethnicity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: culturalism. This is because culturalism refers to the belief that all members of a culture share the same beliefs or practices. Expecting all Chinese persons to believe in the hot-cold theory is an example of culturalism as it assumes a homogenous perspective within the Chinese culture.
A: A critical cultural perspective would involve questioning and analyzing cultural beliefs and practices rather than assuming they are universal.
C: Ethnic practice refers to specific customs or traditions within a particular ethnic group, not a general belief system like the hot-cold theory.
D: Ethnicity refers to one's cultural background or heritage, but it does not address the assumption of shared beliefs within a culture.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has just had a stroke. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for?
- A. Severe headache
- B. Dehydration
- C. Respiratory depression
- D. Sudden loss of vision
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Respiratory depression. After a stroke, the patient may experience impaired breathing due to neurological damage affecting the respiratory center in the brain. Monitoring for signs of respiratory depression, such as shallow breathing or decreased oxygen saturation, is crucial to prevent respiratory failure. Severe headache (A) may be a symptom of stroke but is not the highest priority for monitoring. Dehydration (B) is important to prevent but not typically a direct consequence of stroke. Sudden loss of vision (D) may occur with certain types of strokes but is not as critical to monitor as respiratory depression.
The nurse hears bilateral, louder, longer, and lower pitched tones when percussing over the lungs of a 4-year-old chilWhat should the nurse do next?
- A. Palpate over the area to identify increased pain and tenderness.
- B. Ask the child to take shallow breaths, and percuss over the area again.
- C. Refer the child immediately because of suspicion of an increased amount of air in the lungs.
- D. Consider this a normal finding for a child this age, and proceed with the examination.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in children, the lung sounds can be different due to their thinner chest walls and more prominent bronchial markings. The louder, longer, and lower-pitched tones heard upon percussion are normal findings in pediatric patients, indicating increased air content in the lungs. Palpating for pain or tenderness (choice A) is not necessary as these findings are expected in children. Asking the child to take shallow breaths and percussing again (choice B) is not needed as the initial findings are normal for the age group. Referring the child immediately (choice C) is unnecessary as these findings are within the normal range for a 4-year-old.