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A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about self-management. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will check my blood sugar regularly.
- B. I will take my insulin only when my blood sugar is high.
- C. I will eat a balanced diet and exercise regularly.
- D. I will report any signs of infection to my healthcare provider.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. Taking insulin only when blood sugar is high can lead to uncontrolled levels.
2. Regular insulin dosing is essential for diabetes management.
3. Monitoring blood sugar regularly helps in adjusting insulin doses.
4. Eating a balanced diet and exercising are key components of diabetes management.
5. Reporting signs of infection is crucial due to diabetes-related complications.
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A nurse is teaching a patient with asthma about proper inhaler use. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I should hold my breath for 10 seconds after inhaling the medication.
- B. I should use my inhaler before exercise to prevent symptoms.
- C. I can use my inhaler every 30 minutes if I have trouble breathing.
- D. I should rinse my mouth after using my inhaler to prevent thrush.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because using the inhaler every 30 minutes for trouble breathing is not recommended. Overuse can lead to medication side effects and potential worsening of symptoms.
A: Holding breath after inhaling helps medication reach lungs.
B: Using inhaler before exercise can prevent exercise-induced symptoms.
D: Rinsing mouth prevents thrush, a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids.
A 75-year-old woman is at the clinic for a preoperative interview. The nurse is aware that the interview with her may take longer than interviews with younger persons. What is the reason for this?
- A. An older adult has a longer story to tell.
- B. An older adult is usually lonely and likes to have someone to talk to.
- C. Older adults lose much of their mental abilities and require more time to complete an interview.
- D. As a person ages, he or she is unable to hear well, so interviewers usually need to frequently repeat what they say.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because as people age, they accumulate more life experiences, medical history, and details to share. This can lead to longer conversations during interviews. Choice B is incorrect as not all older adults are lonely and seek conversation. Choice C is incorrect because aging does not necessarily equate to a loss of mental abilities. Choice D is incorrect as hearing loss is not a universal issue among older adults and does not significantly impact the length of interviews.
The nurse knows that developing appropriate nursing interventions for a patient relies on the appropriateness of the:
- A. nursing diagnosis.
- B. medical diagnosis.
- C. admission diagnosis.
- D. collaborative diagnosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Nursing interventions are based on nursing diagnosis, which identifies patient's unique health needs.
2. Nursing diagnosis focuses on patient's response to health problems, not just medical conditions.
3. It guides nurses in planning individualized care to meet patient's specific needs.
4. Medical diagnosis (B) focuses on disease pathology, not holistic patient care.
5. Admission diagnosis (C) is a temporary identification of patient's primary reason for admission.
6. Collaborative diagnosis (D) involves joint identification of interprofessional health problems, not specific to nursing care.
Summary:
The correct answer is A because nursing interventions are tailored based on nursing diagnosis, which considers patient's responses to health issues. Medical diagnosis, admission diagnosis, and collaborative diagnosis do not provide the same level of individualized and holistic care planning as nursing diagnosis.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone a knee replacement. The nurse should encourage which of the following to promote recovery?
- A. Strict bed rest for the first 48 hours.
- B. Ambulation as soon as possible after surgery.
- C. Limiting physical activity for 2 weeks post-op.
- D. Prolonged use of the affected leg in a cast.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ambulation as soon as possible after surgery. Ambulation helps prevent complications like blood clots and aids in circulation and muscle strength. Bed rest can lead to stiffness and decrease in range of motion. Limiting physical activity delays recovery. Prolonged use of a cast can hinder mobility and delay rehabilitation.
A nurse is teaching a patient about managing high cholesterol. Which of the following dietary changes would be most beneficial for lowering cholesterol?
- A. Increasing intake of saturated fats.
- B. Decreasing intake of dietary fiber.
- C. Decreasing intake of trans fats.
- D. Increasing intake of processed sugars.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Decreasing intake of trans fats. Trans fats are known to increase LDL cholesterol levels, which are considered "bad" cholesterol. By reducing trans fats in the diet, the patient can lower their cholesterol levels. Saturated fats (choice A) can also increase LDL cholesterol, so increasing intake is not beneficial. Dietary fiber (choice B) helps lower cholesterol by binding to cholesterol in the digestive system, so decreasing intake would not be beneficial. Processed sugars (choice D) do not directly impact cholesterol levels, so increasing intake would not help lower cholesterol. Overall, choosing option C is the most effective dietary change for managing high cholesterol.