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A nurse is teaching a patient with hypertension about lifestyle modifications. Which of the following dietary changes should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Increase intake of foods high in sodium.
- B. Decrease intake of saturated fats.
- C. Increase intake of processed foods.
- D. Decrease intake of fiber.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decrease intake of saturated fats. Saturated fats can raise cholesterol levels, leading to increased risk of heart disease and hypertension. Decreasing intake of saturated fats can help lower blood pressure.
Incorrect choices:
A: Increasing intake of foods high in sodium can worsen hypertension by increasing blood pressure.
C: Increasing intake of processed foods often leads to higher sodium and saturated fat intake, worsening hypertension.
D: Decreasing intake of fiber is not ideal as fiber helps in maintaining a healthy weight and managing blood pressure.
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A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of hypertension. The nurse should educate the patient to monitor for which of the following complications?
- A. Severe headaches and blurred vision.
- B. Weight loss and dizziness.
- C. Increased appetite and tremors.
- D. Nausea and vomiting.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Severe headaches and blurred vision. Hypertension can lead to complications such as hypertensive crisis, causing symptoms like severe headaches and blurred vision due to increased pressure in the blood vessels. This can indicate a serious health issue requiring immediate medical attention. Weight loss and dizziness (B), increased appetite and tremors (C), and nausea and vomiting (D) are not typically associated with hypertension complications. It's crucial for the nurse to educate the patient on recognizing these signs to prevent further health risks.
A nurse is teaching a patient about managing asthma. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further education?
- A. I will take my rescue inhaler only during an asthma attack.
- B. I should avoid exposure to allergens that trigger my symptoms.
- C. I will use my inhaler before exercise to prevent symptoms.
- D. I should always carry my inhaler with me.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: I will take my rescue inhaler only during an asthma attack. This statement indicates a need for further education because using a rescue inhaler only during an asthma attack is not the correct way to manage asthma. The purpose of a rescue inhaler is to provide quick relief during an asthma attack, but it should also be used as a preventive measure before exposure to known triggers or before exercise to prevent symptoms. Options B, C, and D all demonstrate good understanding of asthma management by indicating the importance of avoiding triggers, using the inhaler preventively, and carrying the inhaler at all times for emergency situations.
The nurse is performing a review of systems on a 76-year-old patient. Which of the following statements is correct for this situation?
- A. The questions asked are identical for all ages.
- B. The interviewer will start incorporating different questions for patients 70 years of age and older.
- C. Additional questions are reflective of the normal effects of aging.
- D. At this age, a review of systems is not necessary; just focus on current problems.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct as additional questions in a review of systems for a 76-year-old patient should address age-related changes. This allows for better assessment of potential health issues specific to older adults. Choice A is incorrect as questions may vary based on age. Choice B is incorrect as age alone does not dictate question changes. Choice D is incorrect as a review of systems is important at all ages for comprehensive patient assessment.
Which critical thinking skill helps the nurse recognize relationships among data?
- A. Validation.
- B. Clustering-related cues.
- C. Identifying gaps in data.
- D. Distinguishing relevant from irrelevant.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clustering-related cues. This critical thinking skill helps the nurse recognize relationships among data by grouping related information together. This aids in identifying patterns, connections, and trends within the data, leading to a better understanding of the situation. Validation (A) involves confirming the accuracy of data, not necessarily recognizing relationships. Identifying gaps in data (C) focuses on missing information rather than relationships among existing data. Distinguishing relevant from irrelevant (D) is important but does not directly address recognizing relationships among data. In summary, clustering-related cues (B) is the most relevant skill for recognizing relationships among data in critical thinking.
A nurse is caring for a patient with hypertension. The nurse should educate the patient to monitor for which of the following complications?
- A. Severe headaches and blurred vision.
- B. Weight loss and fatigue.
- C. Increased appetite and tremors.
- D. Nausea and vomiting.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Severe headaches and blurred vision. These symptoms can indicate a hypertensive crisis, a severe complication of hypertension. Headaches and blurred vision are signs of potentially dangerous high blood pressure levels. Weight loss and fatigue (B), increased appetite and tremors (C), and nausea and vomiting (D) are not typical complications of hypertension and do not directly relate to the cardiovascular effects of high blood pressure. Monitoring for severe headaches and blurred vision is crucial for early detection and management of hypertensive crises.