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A nurse is teaching a patient with osteoarthritis about managing their condition. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will use heat or cold therapy to relieve joint pain.
- B. I will take my pain medication regularly.
- C. I will exercise regularly to strengthen my joints.
- D. I will avoid physical activity to prevent joint strain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because avoiding physical activity to prevent joint strain is not recommended for managing osteoarthritis. Exercise is crucial for strengthening joints and improving flexibility. Choice A is correct as heat or cold therapy can help relieve joint pain. Choice B is correct as taking pain medication regularly can help manage symptoms. Choice C is correct as regular exercise is important for maintaining joint health. In summary, avoiding physical activity is not a recommended approach for managing osteoarthritis, unlike the other choices which are beneficial for the condition.
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A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about insulin administration. Which of the following actions should the nurse emphasize to the patient?
- A. Store insulin at room temperature to prevent crystallization.
- B. Use insulin immediately after drawing it up into the syringe.
- C. Inject insulin into the same spot to avoid tissue damage.
- D. Rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Rotate injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy. Rotating injection sites helps prevent the development of lipodystrophy, a condition characterized by the loss of fat tissue at the injection site. This is important for maintaining consistent insulin absorption and reducing the risk of injection site complications.
A: Storing insulin at room temperature is generally recommended, but it is not the most critical action for insulin administration.
B: Using insulin immediately after drawing it up is not necessary for all types of insulin and may not be feasible in all situations.
C: Injecting insulin into the same spot can lead to tissue damage and inconsistent insulin absorption, so it should be avoided.
The inspection phase of the physical assessment:
- A. Yields little information
- B. Takes time and reveals a surprising amount of information
- C. Requires a quick glance at the patient's body systems
- D. May be somewhat uncomfortable for the expert practitioner
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the inspection phase of a physical assessment involves visually examining the patient's body, which can reveal a surprising amount of information. This step is crucial in identifying visible abnormalities, such as skin discoloration, swelling, or asymmetry. It helps in assessing the patient's overall appearance, posture, and body movements. This detailed observation can provide valuable insights into the patient's health status and aid in making an accurate diagnosis.
Choice A is incorrect because the inspection phase actually provides significant information. Choice C is incorrect as it downplays the importance of thorough observation. Choice D is incorrect because the discomfort level for the expert practitioner is not a defining factor in the inspection phase.
A nurse is caring for a patient who is post-operative following abdominal surgery. The nurse should encourage the patient to:
- A. Avoid deep breathing exercises to prevent pain.
- B. Take shallow breaths to minimize pain.
- C. Perform deep breathing exercises to prevent pneumonia.
- D. Limit mobility to avoid stress on the surgical site.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Post-operative patients are at risk for developing pneumonia due to decreased lung expansion and secretion retention.
Step 2: Deep breathing exercises help improve lung expansion and prevent pneumonia.
Step 3: Therefore, encouraging the patient to perform deep breathing exercises is essential.
Summary:
- A: Avoiding deep breathing exercises is incorrect as it can lead to respiratory complications.
- B: Taking shallow breaths can worsen lung function and increase the risk of pneumonia.
- D: Limiting mobility can lead to complications like blood clots and pneumonia.
A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes who is experiencing diabetic neuropathy. The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions?
- A. Encouraging regular foot inspections.
- B. Providing additional protein to the diet.
- C. Encouraging weight loss to reduce joint stress.
- D. Administering pain medication for relief.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encouraging regular foot inspections. This is the priority intervention because diabetic neuropathy can lead to decreased sensation in the feet, increasing the risk of injury or infection. Regular foot inspections can help detect any issues early and prevent complications.
Incorrect choices:
B: Providing additional protein to the diet - While nutrition is important for overall health, providing additional protein does not directly address the specific issue of diabetic neuropathy.
C: Encouraging weight loss to reduce joint stress - Weight loss may be beneficial for overall health, but it is not the priority intervention for diabetic neuropathy.
D: Administering pain medication for relief - Pain management is important, but addressing the root cause through regular foot inspections is more essential in preventing further complications.
The nurse is conducting an interview with a woman who has recently learned that she is pregnant and has come to the clinic to begin prenatal care. The woman states that she and her husband are excited about the pregnancy but have a few questions. She looks nervously at her hands during the interview and sighs audibly. Which of the following statements does the nurse know is most accurate, considering the concept of communication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the woman's nonverbal cues (looking nervously at her hands, sighing audibly) indicate potential anxiety or stress. The nurse should acknowledge these cues and explore her feelings further to provide appropriate support. Option A is incorrect as it does not address the woman's nonverbal cues. Option C is incorrect as it assumes the woman is not genuinely excited about the pregnancy. Option D is incorrect as it overlooks the woman's nonverbal cues and does not address her potential emotional needs.