Nokea
A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who has a new prescription for Desipramine. The nurse should instruct the parents that which of the following adverse effects is the priority to report to the provider?
- A. Constipation
- B. Suicidal thoughts
- C. Photophobia
- D. Dry mouth
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Suicidal thoughts are a critical adverse effect of tricyclics like desipramine, requiring immediate reporting.
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Which of the following create a higher risk for digoxin toxicity? Both the cause and the reason for it must be correct.
- A. Older adults because of reduced renal function
- B. Administration of aldosterone antagonist diuretics because of decreased potassium levels
- C. Taking an antacid for gastroesophageal reflux disease because it increases the absorption of digoxin
- D. Doses between 0.25 and 0.5 mg/day
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Older adults have reduced renal clearance, increasing digoxin toxicity risk.
Which of the following is natural glucocorticoid:
- A. Cortisol
- B. Prednisolon
- C. Dexamethasone
- D. Triamcinolone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cortisol is the primary natural glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal glands, unlike the others which are synthetic.
Both men and women experience bone loss with aging. The bones most likely to demonstrate significant loss are:
- A. Cortical bones
- B. Femoral neck bones
- C. Cervical vertebrae
- D. Pelvic bones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Femoral neck is a trabecular bone site prone to significant age-related loss, unlike cortical or other areas .
When reviewing information about the Orphan Drug Program, which of the following would the nurse expect to find? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. The program encourages the development and marketing of products to treat rare diseases.
- B. The program grants provisional approval with a written commitment from the drug company to formally demonstrate client benefits.
- C. The program provides for incentives, such as research grants, protocol assistance, and special tax credits, to develop products to treat rare diseases.
- D. The program grants 7 years of exclusive marketing rights to the manufacturer if approved.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Orphan Drug Program encourages the development and marketing of products used to treat rare diseases. The program provides incentives to encourage manufacturers to develop orphan drugs, and if approved, the manufacturer has 7 years of exclusive marketing rights. Accelerated programs involve provisional approval and approval based on preliminary evidence.
The patient is taking low dose aspirin daily for his heart. The nurse knows only a portion of the medication taken actually reaches the tissue due to what process?
- A. Distribution
- B. First-pass effect
- C. Reduced absorption
- D. Gastrointestinal circulation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drugs that are taken orally are usually absorbed from the small intestine directly into the portal venous system and then delivers these absorbed molecules into the liver, which immediately break the drug into metabolites, some of which are active and cause effects in the body, and some of which are deactivated and can be readily excreted from the body. As a result, a large percentage of the oral dose is destroyed at this point and never reaches the tissues. This process is not caused by distribution, absorption, or gastrointestinal circulation.