Nokea
A nurse is working with a community at risk for flooding. The nurse is aware that identification of at-risk populations, education of the residents about evacuation routes, and emergency shelters is an example of what level of the National Response Framework?
- A. Security phase
- B. Mitigation phase
- C. Response phase
- D. Practice phase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitigation phase. In the National Response Framework, the mitigation phase focuses on actions taken to prevent or minimize the impact of a disaster. By identifying at-risk populations, educating residents about evacuation routes, and providing information on emergency shelters, the nurse is proactively working to reduce the potential negative effects of flooding. This aligns with the goals of the mitigation phase, which aims to reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience. The other choices are incorrect because they do not specifically address the proactive measures taken to prevent or minimize the impact of a disaster, as seen in the mitigation phase.
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A nursing preceptor is reviewing life expectancy in the twentieth century with a new nurse. The nurse should recognize that which of the following was most responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the twentieth century?
- A. Use of antibiotics to fight infections
- B. Sanitation and other public health activities
- C. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research
- D. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sanitation and other public health activities. Improved sanitation, clean water supply, and public health initiatives such as vaccination programs played a crucial role in increasing life expectancy in the 20th century. Sanitation helped reduce the spread of infectious diseases, leading to a significant decrease in mortality rates. Public health activities focused on prevention rather than treatment, which had a long-term positive impact on overall population health. Antibiotics (choice A) were important but came later in the century. Technology increases in medical laboratory research (choice C) and advances in surgical techniques (choice D) contributed to healthcare improvements but were not the primary factors behind the dramatic increase in life expectancy.
A nurse is assessing a client who reports a severe headache and stiff neck. The nurse's assessment reveals positive Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first?
- A. Decrease bright lights
- B. Implement droplet precautions
- C. Initiate IV access
- D. Administer antibiotics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Implement droplet precautions. This is the first action the nurse should take because positive Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs suggest the client may have meningitis, which is highly contagious through respiratory droplets. Implementing droplet precautions will help prevent the spread of the infection to others. Decreasing bright lights (A) may be helpful for the client's comfort but is not the priority. Initiating IV access (C) and administering antibiotics (D) are important interventions but should be done after implementing precautions to prevent transmission of the infection.
A nurse is caring for a client who has Parkinson's disease and is starting to display bradykinesia. Which of the following is an appropriate action by the nurse?
- A. Place the client on a low-protein, low-calorie diet
- B. Teach the client to walk more quickly when ambulating
- C. Complete passive range-of-motion exercises daily
- D. Give the patient extra time to perform activities
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Give the patient extra time to perform activities. Bradykinesia is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease characterized by slow movement. By giving the patient extra time to perform activities, the nurse can accommodate the decreased speed of movement associated with bradykinesia, promoting independence and preventing frustration. Placing the client on a low-protein, low-calorie diet (A) is not relevant to addressing bradykinesia. Teaching the client to walk more quickly (B) may not be feasible due to the physical limitations caused by the condition. Completing passive range-of-motion exercises daily (C) may be beneficial for maintaining mobility but does not directly address bradykinesia. Giving the patient extra time to perform activities (D) is the most appropriate action as it supports the client's autonomy and helps manage the symptom effectively.
A nurse advises a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used by the nurse?
- A. Secondary prevention
- B. Primary prevention
- C. Proactive prevention
- D. Tertiary prevention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primary prevention. This is because the nurse is promoting strategies to prevent osteoporosis from developing in the first place. By advising the client to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily, the nurse is focusing on educating and promoting healthy behaviors to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
A: Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment of a disease to prevent complications.
C: Proactive prevention is not a recognized term in public health and prevention frameworks.
D: Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and treating existing conditions to prevent further complications.
In summary, the nurse's advice falls under primary prevention as it aims to prevent the onset of osteoporosis through promoting healthy behaviors.
A nurse is teaching the family of a client who has a new diagnosis of epilepsy about actions to take if the client experiences a seizure. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Insert a padded tongue blade into the client's mouth
- B. Restrain the client
- C. Move objects away from the client
- D. Place the client on his back
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Move objects away from the client. This instruction is crucial to prevent injury during a seizure by creating a safe environment. Placing objects away from the client reduces the risk of them hitting or injuring themselves. It also allows for a clear space for the client's movements during the seizure.
Choice A is incorrect as inserting a padded tongue blade can cause injury and obstruct the client's airway. Choice B is incorrect as restraining the client can lead to further injury and is not recommended during a seizure. Choice D is incorrect as placing the client on their back can increase the risk of choking or aspiration if they vomit during the seizure.