Nokea
A nurse on a medical-surgical unit administers a hypnotic medication to an older adult client at 2100 . The next morning, the client is drowsy and wants to sleep instead of eating breakfast. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as a possible reason for the client's drowsiness?
- A. Reduced cardiac function
- B. First pass effect
- C. Reduced hepatic function
- D. Increased gastric motility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reduced hepatic function in older adults slows metabolism of hypnotics, prolonging drowsiness.
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Isotonic normal saline (0.9%) solution is LEAST indicated in which one of the following conditions?
- A. Vomiting
- B. Hypercalcemia
- C. Body wide sodium depletion (e.g. DKA)
- D. Volume overload (e.g. liver disease)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Normal saline worsens volume overload in conditions like liver disease due to sodium retention.
Which of the following is not used for hyperthyroidism:
- A. Triiodthironine
- B. Mercazolil
- C. Diiodthironine
- D. Potassium iodide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Triiodothyronine (T3) is a thyroid hormone, not a treatment for hyperthyroidism, unlike the others.
There is enough preliminary evidence to recommend that children with autism receive which supplemental nutrient?
- A. Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
- B. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
- C. Calcium
- D. Omega-3 fatty acids
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Preliminary evidence suggests omega-3 fatty acids may benefit children with autism.
A pharmacology student asks the instructor what an accurate description of a drug agonist is. What is the instructor's best response?
- A. A drug that reacts with a receptor site on a cell preventing a reaction with another chemical on a different receptor site
- B. A drug that interferes with the enzyme systems that act as catalyst for different chemical reactions
- C. A drug that interacts directly with receptor sites to cause the same activity that a natural chemical would cause at that site
- D. A drug that reacts with receptor sites to block normal stimulation, producing no effect
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Agonists are drugs that produce effects similar to those produced by naturally occurring neurotransmitters, hormones, or other substances found in the body. Noncompetitive antagonists are drugs that react with some receptor sites preventing the reaction of another chemical with a different receptor site. Drug-enzyme interactions interfere with the enzyme systems that stimulate various chemical reactions.
In teaching about the use of sublingual nitroglycerine, the patient should be instructed:
- A. To swallow the tablet with a full glass of water
- B. To place one tablet under the tongue if chest pain occurs and allow it to dissolve
- C. To take one tablet every 5 minutes until the chest pain goes away
- D. That it should 'burn' when placed under the tongue or it is no longer effective
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sublingual nitroglycerin is placed under the tongue for rapid absorption.