Nokea
A nurse on the unit sustains a needlestick injury while caring for a client whose infectious status is unknown. What would be the best course of action for the nurse to follow?
- A. Avoid notifying the supervisor of the injury until the client's infectious status is confirmed.
- B. Avoid revealing the identity of the client or source of blood.
- C. Be tested for disease antibodies at appropriate intervals.
- D. Document the injury in writing after the client's infectious status is confirmed.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: If a needlestick injury has occurred, the nurse should be tested for disease antibodies immediately and at appropriate intervals thereafter. The nurse should document the injury in writing immediately and should not wait until the client's infectious status is confirmed. The nurse should also notify the supervisor of the injury immediately and identify the person or source of blood, if possible.
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A client comes to the clinic reporting fever, chills, and coughing. The client is found to be positive for influenza. The nurse is aware that influenza is transmitted from one infected person to another. What type of infectious disorder is this considered?
- A. Localized
- B. Generalized
- C. Communicable disease
- D. Health-care-associated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Communicable diseases are infectious disorders that are transmitted from one infected species to another. Common signs and symptoms are the same as generalized plus organ-specific or disease-specific manifestations. Examples of the infections transmitted are influenza, chickenpox, and tuberculosis. Localized infection is confined to a small area such as a furuncle (boil). Generalized infection is a systemic or widespread infection in one or two organs such as urosepsis. A health-care-associated infection is acquired in a health care agency.
The nurse is caring for a client with an abscess on the back. The nurse observes purulent drainage coming from the abscess. What type of specimen does the nurse anticipate the physician will order to determine the type of bacteria present in the exudate?
- A. A sensitivity test
- B. Test for ova and parasites
- C. White blood cell (WBC) count
- D. A culture
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A culture identifies bacteria in a specimen taken from a person with symptoms of an infection. The source of the specimen may be body fluids or wastes, such as blood, sputum, urine, or feces, or the purulent exudate, collection of pus, from an open wound. A test for ova and parasites is a stool specimen that is examined for evidence of any forms in the infecting microorganism's life cycle. A WBC count may determine that infection is present in the body but does not isolate the bacteria. A sensitivity test is done to determine which antibiotic inhibits the growth of a nonviral microorganism and will be most effective in treating the infection.
The nurse is caring for a client who has acquired immunodeficiency disease (AIDS) and has developed oral thrush. What type of infection is the nurse aware that has developed due to the immunocompromised state of the client?
- A. Acute
- B. Chronic
- C. Secondary
- D. Opportunistic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An opportunistic or superinfection occurs among immunocompromised hosts. Examples would be yeast infections in the mouth, bladder infections, gastroenteritis, and Pneumocystis carinii. An acute infection has a sudden onset with serious and sometimes life-threatening manifestations. A chronic infection is an extended infection that resists treatment. A secondary infection is a complication of some other disease process that occurred first.
A client arrives at the clinic reporting vaginal discharge after having sexual intercourse 1 week ago. The client is diagnosed with gonorrhea and given a prescription for treatment. What type of infection transmission does the nurse understand occurred?
- A. Direct contact
- B. Droplet
- C. Airborne
- D. Vehicle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The route of transmission for a sexually transmitted disease is by direct contact. An infected person transmits the infection to a susceptible person. A droplet transmission is a spray of moist particles within a 3-foot radius of an infected person. An airborne transmission is suspension and transport on air currents beyond 3 feet. An infection transmitted by vehicle is on or in contaminated food, water, objects, or equipment.
The nurse is working on a gerontology unit. A family member calls and tells the nurse they want to bring the family in to see one of the clients on the unit. The family member is concerned because several of the family members have colds. What instructions should the nurse provide to someone with a respiratory infection?
- A. Avoid intake of frozen foods.
- B. Avoid visiting older adults.
- C. Avoid direct sunlight.
- D. Avoid meats and other protein-rich foods.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should instruct anyone with respiratory infections to avoid visiting older adults until symptoms subside; older adults are more susceptible to infections because their defense mechanisms are less efficient. It is not essential for the client to avoid frozen or protein-rich foods or direct sunlight.