Nokea
A client is admitted to an acute care facility with a diagnosis of appendicitis. Which laboratory results demonstrate the client's leukocytosis?
- A. Hemoglobin of 12 mg/dL
- B. Lymphocytes 1,500
- C. Neutrophils of 3,150/mms
- D. White blood cell (WBC) count of 22,000 cells/mm
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The body manufactures more WBCs as needed, a process referred to as leukocytosis. The WBC of 22,000 cells/mms indicates an abundance of white blood cells. Hemoglobin does not represent the presence of infection. The lymphocytes and neutrophils are within normal range and do not demonstrate leukocytosis.
You may also like to solve these questions
A family member wants to donate blood for a client who needs a blood transfusion. What information from the family member would make them ineligible for donation?
- A. The family member was serving in the military in England in 1993 for 2 years.
- B. The family member had a surgical procedure 4 years previously for an inguinal hernia.
- C. The family member received a blood transfusion 10 years previously at a hospital in Canada.
- D. The family member takes an antihypertensive medication for control of blood pressure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The American Red Cross bans blood collection from anyone who has lived in the United Kingdom for a total of 6 months or longer between 1980 and 1996, lived in various countries in Europe including while serving in the military since 1980, received a blood transfusion in the United Kingdom, or lived 5 or more years in various European countries from 1980 to the present. There is a higher risk among these potential donors for BSE or 'mad cow disease.' The other answers are not exclusion criteria for donating blood.
A client informs the nurse of having been using a douche to cleanse the vagina on a daily basis and is now experiencing itching and burning in the vaginal area. What should the nurse explain to the client that occurs when the vaginal pH is changed?
- A. It causes destruction of the normal flora of the vagina and allows the development of vaginal infections.
- B. The bottle must be contaminated with bacteria, and when the pH is changed, it allows the bacteria to enter the vaginal area.
- C. It will cause an allergic reaction in the vaginal area.
- D. When the vaginal pH is changed, it allows cancer cells to spread from the vagina to the cervix.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The acid environment is unfavorable for the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. A change in vaginal pH or destruction of the normal flora, however, can promote the development of a vaginal infection. Bacteria do not cause the vaginal pH to change; the pH change allows bacteria to grow. Change in vaginal pH does not cause an allergic reaction and does not allow the development of cancer cells.
The nurse has been injured with a needlestick while caring for a newly admitted client and informs the charge nurse. What is the next thing the injured nurse should do?
- A. Document the injury in writing.
- B. Obtain the client's HIV status.
- C. Get instructions on monitoring potential symptoms.
- D. Report the injury to the supervisor.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Should an injury occur, health care workers are advised to follow postexposure recommendations: (1) Report the injury to one's supervisor immediately; (2) document the injury in writing; (3) identify the person or source of blood, if possible; and (4) obtain the HIV and hepatitis B statuses of the source of blood, if it is legal to do so. Unless the client gives permission, testing and revealing HIV status are prohibited; (5) obtain counseling on the potential for infection; (6) receive the most appropriate postexposure prophylaxis; (7) be tested for disease antibodies at appropriate intervals; and (8) receive instructions on monitoring potential symptoms and medical follow-up.
The nurse is caring for a group of five clients at the hospital. To control infections when caring for the group of clients, what intervention can the nurse perform?
- A. Use standard precautions with all clients.
- B. Only use standard precautions with clients who have an infection.
- C. Wear a mask while taking care of all clients and changing the mask between clients.
- D. Place the clients on isolation precautions.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurses and other healthcare personnel must take precautions to control infections when caring for all clients, regardless of diagnosis or infection status. These precautions are called standard precautions, measures for reducing the risk of transmitting pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infections. It is unnecessary to use a mask when caring for clients who do not have a droplet or airborne infection. Clients should not be placed in isolation unless they have an infection that could be transmitted to others.
The nurse is caring for a client with an abscess on the back. The nurse observes purulent drainage coming from the abscess. What type of specimen does the nurse anticipate the physician will order to determine the type of bacteria present in the exudate?
- A. A sensitivity test
- B. Test for ova and parasites
- C. White blood cell (WBC) count
- D. A culture
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A culture identifies bacteria in a specimen taken from a person with symptoms of an infection. The source of the specimen may be body fluids or wastes, such as blood, sputum, urine, or feces, or the purulent exudate, collection of pus, from an open wound. A test for ova and parasites is a stool specimen that is examined for evidence of any forms in the infecting microorganism's life cycle. A WBC count may determine that infection is present in the body but does not isolate the bacteria. A sensitivity test is done to determine which antibiotic inhibits the growth of a nonviral microorganism and will be most effective in treating the infection.