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The nursing instructor is teaching beginning nursing students about infection. Toward the end of class, the instructor gives the students a scenario of a client with an infection who has developed fever and diarrhea. What should the student nurse instruct the client to avoid?
- A. Tea and coffee
- B. Ice water and broth
- C. Fruit juices
- D. Milk and gelatin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A client with fever and diarrhea should avoid tea, coffee, and carbonated beverages containing caffeine because these promote diuresis. The intake of ice water, broth, fruit juices, gelatin, and milk should be encouraged to add proteins and calories.
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A client arrives at the clinic reporting vaginal discharge after having sexual intercourse 1 week ago. The client is diagnosed with gonorrhea and given a prescription for treatment. What type of infection transmission does the nurse understand occurred?
- A. Direct contact
- B. Droplet
- C. Airborne
- D. Vehicle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The route of transmission for a sexually transmitted disease is by direct contact. An infected person transmits the infection to a susceptible person. A droplet transmission is a spray of moist particles within a 3-foot radius of an infected person. An airborne transmission is suspension and transport on air currents beyond 3 feet. An infection transmitted by vehicle is on or in contaminated food, water, objects, or equipment.
A client is diagnosed with a viral illness and requests an antibiotic to 'cure' the illness. When the request is refused by the physician, the client states to the nurse, 'I will never get better.' What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. I will speak with the physician again. You will only get better while taking an antibiotic.'
- B. Prescribing antibiotics for a viral infection may result in drug-resistant bacteria.'
- C. You need to think positively, and you will get better soon.'
- D. Taking antibiotics when you don't need them will make you sick.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Causes of antibiotic resistance, a consequence of bacterial mutations that interfere with the mechanism of antibiotic action, are related to inappropriate prescription of antibiotics for viral (rather than bacterial) infection. Because viral infections are often self-limiting, with symptoms control, the client will get better. Indicating that the client is not thinking positively is a nontherapeutic comment. Informing the client that taking unnecessary antibiotics will cause illness is not detailed enough to be an informative response.
The nurse is caring for a client with breast cancer who has been receiving chemotherapy. The client was admitted with an infected lesion on their left leg. The health care provider has ordered filgrastim. What will filgrastim do for this client? Select all that apply.
- A. Increase platelet count
- B. Boost the immune system
- C. Increase white blood cell production
- D. Boost red blood cell production
- E. Increase hematocrit level
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Bone marrow transplantation or administration of drugs that boost white blood cell production, such as filgrastim, may help immunosuppressed clients. Neupogen does not increase the platelet count, hematocrit level, or boost red blood cell production.
A client arrives at the emergency department reporting severe diarrhea and vomiting that began after ingesting a hot dog at the ballpark 6 hours ago. How does the nurse understand that the contaminated food was transmitted to the client?
- A. Droplet
- B. Airborne
- C. Vehicle
- D. Vector
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vehicle is the route of transmission for this client's illness. It is found on or in contaminated food, water, objects, or equipment and can occur from eating or drinking tainted products. The route of transmission, droplet is by a spray of moist particles within a 3-foot radius of infected persons. Airborne is a route of transmission that is a suspension and transport on air currents beyond 3 feet. An infection by vector is found on infected animals or insect to susceptible persons.
The nurse is giving an educational talk to a local parent-teacher association. A parent asks how to help the family avoid community-acquired infections. What would be the nurse's best response to help prevent and control community-acquired infections?
- A. Encourage your family to adopt a healthy diet and exercise regimen.
- B. Encourage your family to stop smoking.
- C. Make sure your family has all their childhood immunizations.
- D. Make sure your family has regular check-ups.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To help prevent and control community-acquired infections, nurses should encourage childhood immunizations. Vaccines stimulate the body to produce antibodies against a specific disease organism. The immunization protects children as well as adults who may not have developed sufficient immunity. Following a proper diet and exercise regimen and going for regular check-ups are important, but these measures do not help prevent or control community-acquired infections. Smoking cessation does not reduce the risk of such infections either.