Nokea
A nurse plans therapeutic play time for a hospitalized child. What are the benefits of play? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Serves as method to assist disturbed children
- B. Allows the child to express feelings
- C. The nurse can gain insight into the child's feelings.
- D. The child can deal with concerns and feelings.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Play serves as a method to assist disturbed children by providing them with a therapeutic outlet to express themselves and work through their emotions in a safe and constructive manner.
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You are discussing the risk of radiotherapy with the parents of a child with medulloblastoma; the mother has a concern about the late neurological complications post radiotherapy. The statement that should be included in the discussion that late neurological sequelae post radiotherapy is more severe with
- A. focal radiotherapy rather than craniospinal irradiation
- B. children with an age of less than 3 year
- C. concomitant chemo-radiotherapy
- D. low grade tumors rather than high grade tumors
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Younger children (<3 years) are more susceptible to long-term neurotoxic effects of radiotherapy.
The physician orders local application of epinephrine 1:1000 solution to treat a nosebleed. The patient asks how this will help. Which of the ff. responses by the nurse is best?
- A. "It will raise you BP, which is necessary because of blood loss."
- B. "It will dilate your bronchioles and make your breathing easier."
- C. "It will help your blood to clot to reduce bleeding."
- D. "It will constrict your vessels and slow down the bleeding."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor, which means it causes blood vessels to narrow. When applied locally to the site of a nosebleed, epinephrine constricts the blood vessels in the nose, slowing down and stopping the bleeding. By constricting the blood vessels, epinephrine helps to reduce the blood flow to the area, allowing a clot to form and stop the bleeding. This is why option D, "It will constrict your vessels and slow down the bleeding," is the best response by the nurse to explain how epinephrine will help treat a nosebleed.
As the surgical incision is closed, who are the personnel in-charge in counting the needles, sponges, and instruments?
- A. the surgeon and anesthesiologist
- B. the surgeon and the registered
- C. the circulating and scrub nurse nurse first assistant
- D. the anesthesiologist and anesthetist
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During the surgical procedure, the circulating nurse, scrub nurse, and nurse first assistant are responsible for keeping track of all instruments, needles, and sponges used. As the surgical incision is being closed, the circulating nurse and the scrub nurse/nurse first assistant conduct a final count of all needles, sponges, and instruments to ensure that nothing is accidentally left inside the patient's body. This is a critical step in preventing retained surgical items (RSI), which can lead to serious complications for the patient. It is part of the standard protocol in the operating room to have these specific personnel take charge of counting and verifying all items before the procedure is concluded.
The nurse is taking a sexual history on an adolescent girl. Which is the best way to determine whether she is sexually active?
- A. Ask her, "Are you sexually active?"
- B. Ask her, "Are you having sex with anyone?"
- C. Ask her, "Are you having sex with a boyfriend?"
- D. Ask both the girl and her parent whether she is sexually active.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best way to determine whether an adolescent girl is sexually active is to ask her directly, "Are you sexually active?" This question is concise, clear, and non-judgmental, allowing the girl to provide a straightforward answer. It is important to create a safe and open environment for discussing sexual health, and using direct language helps ensure accurate communication. Asking about specific partners (options B and C) may lead to confusion or misinterpretation, and involving the parent (option D) without the girl's consent may violate her privacy and autonomy. Therefore, direct communication with the adolescent herself is the most appropriate approach to gather information about her sexual activity.
The child refusing to go to bed and remaining active is likely due to
- A. thyrotoxicosis
- B. ADHD
- C. primary sleep disorder
- D. limit-setting behavioral insomnia of childhood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Limit-setting insomnia involves resistance to bedtime routines.