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A nurse practicing in the early 1900s was awarded a permissive license. These licenses:
- A. were voluntary; however, a nurse who failed the examination could not use the title RN.
- B. required a maximum of 1 year of formalized nurse training.
- C. allowed nurses who did not pass the licensure examination to still practice.
- D. allowed nurses the choice of taking a written or oral licensure examination.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because permissive licenses in the early 1900s were voluntary but required passing an examination to use the title RN. This ensured a basic level of competency. Choice B is incorrect as there was no specific requirement for the duration of formalized nurse training. Choice C is incorrect as failing the examination would disqualify nurses from practice. Choice D is incorrect as there was typically only one type of licensure examination, not a choice between written or oral.
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A nurse is interested in locating reliable information concerning noninvasive blood glucose monitoring. Information is located, and the author is a scientist who conducted studies within the last year on the effectiveness of a particular noninvasive blood glucose monitor. The scientist received funding from a pharmaceutical company to support the studies. The URL indicates the pharmaceutical company site.com. The nurse is concerned about this information's:
- A. authority.
- B. objectivity.
- C. accuracy.
- D. currency.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: objectivity. The nurse should be concerned about the objectivity of the information due to the potential bias introduced by the funding received from a pharmaceutical company. This could influence the scientist's findings and conclusions to favor the interests of the company, affecting the accuracy of the information. Authority (choice A) refers to the expertise of the author, not the potential bias. Accuracy (choice C) is impacted by objectivity and the potential conflict of interest. Currency (choice D) relates to how up-to-date the information is, which is not the main concern in this scenario.
A patient who is just beginning to use homeopathy to treat depression is concerned because symptoms are actually becoming worse with increasing sadness, anxiety, and fatigue. The practitioner of homeopathy bases teaching on the Law of Cure and instructs the patient to:
- A. discontinue the therapy and seek another alternative therapy.
- B. concentrate the preparation to increase its potency in hopes to improve depressive symptoms.
- C. increase the dosage of the substance to increase its effectiveness.
- D. remain on the current regimen since worsening is a positive sign that healing is occurring.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: The Law of Cure in homeopathy states that symptoms improve in the reverse order of their appearance.
Step 2: The worsening of symptoms initially is known as a healing crisis or aggravation.
Step 3: By remaining on the current regimen, the patient allows the body to go through the healing process.
Step 4: This indicates that the body is responding to the remedy and working towards a deeper level of healing.
Step 5: Discontinuing therapy or increasing potency/dosage may disrupt this natural healing process.
What is the best way for the individual nurse to maintain the most effective professional image?
- A. Change out of their work attire before running errands.
- B. Renew membership in a nursing organization.
- C. Earning an advanced nursing degree.
- D. Developing effective nurse-physician relationships.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Change out of their work attire before running errands. This is because maintaining a professional image involves setting clear boundaries between work and personal life. By changing out of work attire before running errands, the nurse avoids potential misconceptions or misunderstandings from the public.
Choice B (Renew membership in a nursing organization) is not directly related to maintaining a professional image, although it is important for professional development. Choice C (Earning an advanced nursing degree) may enhance professional qualifications but does not directly impact the nurse's image. Choice D (Developing effective nurse-physician relationships) is important for teamwork but does not specifically address individual professional image.
A nurse is assisting with the delivery of twins. The first infant is placed on the scale to be weighed. The physician requests an instrument stat. The nurse turns to hand the instrument to the physician, and the infant falls off the scale. When evaluating the incident, the nurse and her manager list contributory factors such as the need for two nurses when multiple births are known, and the location of the scale so far from the delivery field. These nurses are performing a(n):
- A. standardization of care.
- B. root cause analysis.
- C. process variation.
- D. analysis of a deployment flowchart.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: root cause analysis. Root cause analysis involves identifying the underlying causes of an incident to prevent its recurrence. In this scenario, the nurse and manager are examining factors contributing to the infant falling off the scale. They are looking beyond the immediate event to understand the systemic issues that led to the incident, such as the need for additional staff during multiple births and the placement of the scale far from the delivery field. By conducting a root cause analysis, they aim to address these underlying issues and prevent similar incidents in the future.
A: Standardization of care refers to consistent application of best practices, which is not the focus of the nurse and manager's actions in this situation.
C: Process variation involves analyzing inconsistencies in processes, which is not the primary concern in this incident.
D: Analysis of a deployment flowchart examines the flow of resources in a process, which is not directly related to identifying the root causes of the incident.
The statement, "Nursing is a caring profession that focuses on helping people be as healthy as possible," is an example of a:
- A. concept.
- B. construct.
- C. philosophy.
- D. model.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: philosophy. This statement reflects the fundamental beliefs and values that guide the practice of nursing. It outlines the core principles of nursing, emphasizing caring and promoting health. A concept (A) refers to a general idea or notion. A construct (B) is an abstract idea or theory. A model (D) is a representation or framework used to explain a phenomenon. In this case, the statement is more aligned with a philosophy as it encapsulates the overarching principles and purpose of nursing practice.