Nokea
A nurse recognizes which of the following as a primary goal of nursing?
- A. Assist patients to achieve a peaceful death.
- B. Improve personal knowledge and skills to enhance patient outcomes.
- C. Advocate for quality of life over the quantity of life.
- D. Work to control costs to enhance patients' quality of life.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the primary goal of nursing is to provide holistic care, which includes helping patients achieve a peaceful death. This involves promoting comfort, dignity, and emotional support for patients and their families at the end of life. Choice B focuses on personal development, not the primary goal of nursing. Choice C emphasizes quality of life, which is important but not the primary goal. Choice D prioritizes cost control, which is not the central focus of nursing care. Overall, assisting patients to achieve a peaceful death reflects the essence of nursing care and the importance of compassion and support in end-of-life situations.
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The unit manager of a 32-bed medical-surgical unit allows the staff nurses to do self-governance for scheduling, client care assignments, and committee work. The manager would be considered which type of leader?
- A. Autocratic
- B. Democratic
- C. Bureaucratic
- D. Laissez-faire
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Laissez-faire. This style of leadership involves minimal interference from the manager, allowing staff to make decisions independently. In this scenario, the unit manager empowers staff nurses to self-govern, indicating a hands-off approach. This promotes autonomy, creativity, and accountability among the staff.
A: Autocratic leadership involves centralized decision-making by the manager without input from staff, which does not align with the scenario.
B: Democratic leadership involves collaboration and input from team members in decision-making, which is not fully demonstrated in the scenario.
C: Bureaucratic leadership focuses on following established procedures and rules, which is not the case in the scenario where staff nurses have autonomy in decision-making.
In summary, the manager's approach of allowing staff nurses to govern themselves aligns with a laissez-faire leadership style, promoting independence and responsibility among the team.
The staff on a medical-surgical unit is in conflict with the occupational therapy department. What type of communication will be used to discuss the problems?
- A. Downward communication
- B. Lateral communication
- C. Distorted communication
- D. Upward communication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lateral communication. In this scenario, the conflict between the staff and the occupational therapy department requires communication between individuals at the same hierarchical level. Lateral communication enables direct discussion and collaboration among peers to address issues and find solutions.
A: Downward communication involves communication from higher to lower levels in the hierarchy, which would not be suitable for resolving conflicts between different departments.
C: Distorted communication implies a breakdown in the communication process, leading to misunderstandings and misinterpretations, which would not be effective in addressing the conflict.
D: Upward communication involves communication from lower to higher levels in the hierarchy, which may not be the most appropriate method for resolving conflicts between departments.
What is the term used for assigning a rating based on an overall impression?
- A. Recency error.
- B. Leniency error.
- C. Absolute judgment.
- D. Halo error.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Halo error. Halo error is the term used for assigning a rating based on an overall impression, where one positive attribute influences the overall perception of an individual or object. This can lead to biased evaluations. Recency error (A) is when recent events have a disproportionate impact on the evaluation. Leniency error (B) is when the rater consistently rates all items positively. Absolute judgment (C) is when each item is evaluated independently without considering the overall impression.
What is the main purpose of a nursing code of ethics?
- A. To protect the rights and dignity of patients
- B. To ensure compliance with healthcare laws
- C. To set standards for clinical practice
- D. To provide a framework for ethical decision-making in nursing practice
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The main purpose of a nursing code of ethics is to provide a framework for ethical decision-making in nursing practice. This is because ethical codes help guide nurses on moral principles and values when faced with ethical dilemmas. It is crucial for nurses to have a set of guidelines to navigate complex situations ethically.
Choice A is incorrect because while protecting the rights and dignity of patients is important, it is not the main purpose of a nursing code of ethics. Choice B is incorrect because compliance with healthcare laws is separate from ethical decision-making. Choice C is incorrect as setting standards for clinical practice is a different aspect of nursing practice compared to ethical decision-making.
Which finding indicates a need to contact the health care provider before the nurse
administers metformin (Glucophage)?
- A. The patient’s blood glucose level is 174 mg/dL.
- B. The patient has gained 2 lb (0.9 kg) since yesterday.
- C. The patient is scheduled for a chest x-ray in an hour
- D. The patient’s blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level is 52 mg/dL.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an elevated BUN level of 52 mg/dL indicates potential kidney dysfunction, which is a contraindication for metformin due to the risk of lactic acidosis.
A: Blood glucose level of 174 mg/dL is slightly high but not a contraindication for metformin.
B: Weight gain is unrelated to metformin administration.
C: Chest x-ray does not directly impact metformin administration.