Nokea
A nurse takes a shift report and finds he is caring for a patient who has been exposed to anthrax by inhalation. What precautions does the nurse know must be put in place when providing care for this patient?
- A. Standard precautions
- B. Airborne precautions
- C. Droplet precautions
- D. Contact precautions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anthrax is not transmissible person-to-person, so standard precautions suffice. Additional precautions like airborne or contact are unnecessary.
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An industrial site has experienced a radiation leak and workers who have been potentially affected are en route to the hospital. To minimize the risks of contaminating the hospital, managers should perform what action?
- A. Place all potential victims on reverse isolation.
- B. Establish a triage outside the hospital.
- C. Have hospital staff put on personal protective equipment.
- D. Place hospital staff on abbreviated shifts of no more than 4 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: External triage prevents hospital contamination by assessing and decontaminating victims outside. Other measures are less effective for this purpose.
The nurse manager in the ED receives information that a local chemical plant has had a chemical leak. This disaster is assigned a status of level II. What does this classification indicate?
- A. First responders can manage the situation.
- B. Regional efforts and aid from surrounding communities can manage the situation.
- C. Statewide or federal assistance is required.
- D. The area must be evacuated immediately.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Level II disasters require regional support as local resources are overwhelmed, but state or federal aid is not typically needed. Evacuation is not inherently indicated by this level.
While developing an emergency operations plan (EOP), the committee is discussing the components of the EOP. During the post-incident response of an emergency operations plan, what activity will take place?
- A. Deciding when the facility will go from disaster response to daily activities
- B. Conducting practice drills for the community and facility
- C. Conducting a critique and debriefing for all involved in the incident
- D. Replacing the resources in the facility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Post-incident response involves debriefing and critiquing to evaluate the response and improve future preparedness. Other activities occur in different phases.
A patient was exposed to a dose of more than 5,000 rads of radiation during a terrorist attack. The patients skin will eventually show what manifestation?
- A. Erythema
- B. Ecchymosis
- C. Desquamation
- D. Necrosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High radiation doses (>5,000 rads) cause skin necrosis within days to months. Lower doses cause erythema or desquamation, and ecchymosis is unrelated.
The ED staff has been notified of the imminent arrival of a patient who has been exposed to chlorine. The nurse should anticipate the need to address what nursing diagnosis?
- A. Impaired gas exchange
- B. Decreased cardiac output
- C. Chronic pain
- D. Excess fluid volume
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chlorine, a pulmonary agent, disrupts alveolar-capillary oxygen transport, causing impaired gas exchange. Other diagnoses are secondary or unlikely.