Nokea
A nurse tallies the patient satisfaction surveys and approves the use of an agency nurse because of the high census. This nurse is involved in which nursing role?
- A. Change agent
- B. Educator
- C. Manager
- D. Coordinator
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Manager. In this scenario, the nurse is making decisions related to staffing and resource management based on patient census, which falls under the responsibilities of a nurse manager. A manager oversees the organization and coordination of nursing care to ensure efficient and effective delivery. The other choices - Change agent, Educator, and Coordinator - do not directly align with the decision-making process related to staffing and resource management as seen in the scenario.
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A hospital refused to purchase a better grade of utility gloves, even after learning that the cheaper utility gloves are easily punctured during routine use. This unsafe situation led nurses to seek unionization. During the pre-election phase for unionization, which actions by union representatives are prohibited by the National Labor Relations Board? (select all that apply)
- A. Scheduling a meeting in the agency's cafeteria to determine employees' interest in unionization
- B. Distributing nondocumented information that female nurses receive lower annual performance evaluations than do male nurses
- C. Distributing information about the benefits of unionization and grievances in a public parking garage located across from the hospital
- D. Suggesting to workers the likelihood of job loss should the union not win the election
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because distributing nondocumented information about gender-based performance evaluations violates the National Labor Relations Act, which prohibits making false statements about an employer. This action could potentially mislead employees and interfere with the election process. Choices A, C, and D are not prohibited actions by the National Labor Relations Board. Choice A involves a legal and common method of gauging interest in unionization. Choice C involves providing information about union benefits and grievances, which is a protected activity. Choice D is permissible as long as it does not contain false or coercive statements.
A concern that nurses were being asked to perform tasks that went beyond the state's nurse practice act was brought to the union's attention. Nurses were informed that either mediation or binding arbitration will be used to resolve the issue. A novice nurse asks about the difference between these techniques and is informed that:
- A. mediation is sanctioned by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to formally discuss concerns with management and labor.
- B. binding arbitration is a formal discussion between labor and management in which the arbitrator's recommendations are compulsory.
- C. mediation uses a trained person to negotiate a legally binding plan.
- D. binding arbitration requires both labor and management to participate in discussions on the least destructive approach to allow self-governance by employees.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because binding arbitration involves a formal discussion where the arbitrator's recommendations are compulsory, meaning both parties must abide by the decision. This ensures a resolution to the issue at hand.
A is incorrect because mediation is not necessarily sanctioned by the NLRB for formal discussions.
C is incorrect because mediation does not typically result in a legally binding plan; it is a negotiation process to reach a mutually acceptable agreement.
D is incorrect because binding arbitration does not specifically focus on the least destructive approach or self-governance by employees; it is about reaching a binding decision by a neutral third party arbitrator.
A physician bills the insurance company for a computed tomography (CT) scan, laboratory tests, chest x-ray, and an extended visit and receives revenue for each procedure billed. This type of payment system is a payment system.
- A. prospective
- B. retrospective
- C. diagnosis-related group
- D. capitated
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: capitated. In a capitated payment system, the physician receives a fixed amount per patient regardless of the services provided. This incentivizes cost-effective care and promotes preventive measures. In this scenario, the physician is receiving revenue for each procedure billed, which is not characteristic of capitated payment.
A: Prospective payment is when a fixed amount is determined in advance for specific services rendered. This is not the case in the scenario provided.
B: Retrospective payment involves reimbursement after the services are provided, which is not reflected in the scenario given.
C: Diagnosis-related group (DRG) is a payment system used in hospitals based on the diagnosis and procedures performed, not applicable to individual physician billing as presented in the question.
The research hypothesis is that aromatherapy reduces stress more effectively than does acupuncture. The researcher does not identify a control group. This study would be a(n) design.
- A. experimental
- B. quasi-experimental
- C. survey
- D. meta-analysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: experimental design. In an experimental design, the researcher manipulates one variable (aromatherapy vs. acupuncture) to observe its effect on another variable (stress). Without a control group, it is impossible to establish a baseline for comparison. A control group is essential to isolate the effects of the treatment from other variables. Quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment, surveys are used to gather data rather than test hypotheses, and meta-analyses involve combining and analyzing results from multiple studies.
An older adult has atrial fibrillation, which causes the heart to have an irregular rhythm. The client uses imagery to alter the dysrhythmiThe client is using which type of complementary alternative medicine (CAM)?
- A. Ayurveda
- B. Dosha
- C. Homeopathy
- D. Biofeedback
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Biofeedback. Biofeedback is a type of CAM that involves using electronic devices to help individuals gain awareness and control over physiological processes, such as heart rate and muscle tension. In this case, the older adult is using imagery as a form of biofeedback to alter the dysrhythmia. Ayurveda (A) and Dosha (B) are traditional Indian systems of medicine based on balancing bodily energies, not directly related to using imagery for heart rhythm control. Homeopathy (C) is a system of alternative medicine based on the concept that "like cures like" and uses highly diluted substances, not imagery or biofeedback techniques.