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A nurse who is providing education spends more time being quiet than giving information. Which best explains this behavior?
- A. The nurse had previously reviewed the day's material.
- B. The nurse is demonstrating respect for the participants.
- C. The nurse is encouraging group discussion.
- D. The nurse is listening to the group's dialogue to identify problems.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The exchange of ideas and concerns creates a problem-posing dialogue and identifies root problems or generative themes. The group members themselves create relevant action plans that are congruent with their own reality. Therefore to be effective, the nurse must listen to ensure that teaching reflects what the group wants to learn. Demonstrating respect, encouraging group discussion, and being prepared are all important roles of the nurse, but the reason why the nurse is quiet is to listen and understand the issues the group faces.
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Which activity would be most helpful to a person in whom a serious chronic illness has been diagnosed?
- A. Discuss it with a religious leader on a confidential, do-not-tell basis.
- B. Join a support group of others with the same illness.
- C. Share the diagnosis with coworkers and neighbors to gain sympathy and support.
- D. Tell extended family because many diseases have a genetic component.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Although a person might choose to do any of these, the most helpful action over the long term is to join a support group with persons having the same diagnosis for mutual learning, sharing of resources, and support. Religious leaders could also be helpful, but many people do not have a religious leader.
A very busy day is planned at a community health fair, and a nurse spends time greeting and meeting each person who walks in. Which best describes the rationale for this action?
- A. To distribute evaluation forms immediately so the participants can fill in the appropriate answers after each interaction with a professional
- B. To immediately establish a friendly relationship and a level of trust
- C. To make sure everyone knew who was sponsoring this free event
- D. To most efficiently send the person to the area consistent with his or her apparent health need
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The core of health education is the therapeutic and healing relationship between the nurse and clients. Inclusion and trust must be established before creating change. The nurse enhances inclusion by greeting clients on arrival in a warm fashion. Distribution of evaluation forms, informing participants of program sponsorship, and sending clients to the appropriate area of the health fair are not as important as the need for establishing a relationship.
The nurse is evaluating a community health program focused on smoking cessation. Which of the following would indicate a positive outcome?
- A. Increase in the number of participants in the program
- B. Reduction in smoking rates in the community
- C. Increase in public awareness about smoking risks
- D. Improvement in the economic status of smokers
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a reduction in smoking rates in the community directly reflects the success of the smoking cessation program. This outcome indicates that the program is effectively helping individuals quit smoking, leading to improved community health.
A: An increase in participants does not necessarily indicate success; quality over quantity is essential.
C: Increased awareness is beneficial but does not directly measure program effectiveness in helping individuals quit smoking.
D: While improved economic status can be a positive outcome, it does not directly relate to the success of a smoking cessation program.
A nurse wants to make sure that the teaching materials and the communication channels being planned for use during an educational program will be effective. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Create materials based on the goals of the program, assuming a low literacy level
- B. Determine the reading level of the audience and the materials to be distributed
- C. Only use materials that have been professionally developed by a commercial group
- D. Pretest the materials with members of the target group to obtain feedback
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pretest the materials to obtain feedback about the understandability and acceptability of the materials with this particular audience. Learning in advance what works and what does not saves time and effort later. The best way to determine literacy level and congruency of available resources with the target group's needs is by pretesting the materials.
A nurse is implementing a comprehensive and entertaining educational program. Which action must the nurse complete first?
- A. Be sure all the electronics (such as the computer showing the PowerPoint slides) are working.
- B. Develop an open and trusting relationship with participants.
- C. Distribute evaluation materials to participants.
- D. Greet each participant and welcome him or her to the event.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At the core of health education is the development of trusting relationships based on nurturing interactions; thus, this action must be completed before completing any other action.