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A nurse who uses findings from a randomized, controlled trial on the care of Foley catheters to change practice at an institution is practicing:
- A. Evidence-based medicine
- B. Qualitative research
- C. Quantitative research
- D. Clinical judgment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Evidence-based medicine integrates clinical expertise with research findings to improve patient care.
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A nurse is working with a person to increase his daily exercise and activity. Which of the following statements by the nurse best demonstrates the use of reflection?
- A. “I have also struggled with finding time to exercise on a regular basis.”
- B. “Regular exercise plays an important role in preventing many health problems.”
- C. “You said that you have difficulty making time in your day for exercise.”
- D. “It may be helpful if we developed a goal related to daily exercise.”
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reflection involves paraphrasing or summarizing the person's words to indicate interest and focus the discussion.
A nurse reflects on previous experiences with minority populations and considers how these interactions have influenced her present care to these populations. Which part of values clarification and reflection has the nurse used?
- A. Formulate a possible course of action.
- B. Examine the influence of beliefs.
- C. Reflect on practice.
- D. Determine the prevalent values.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Examining the influence of beliefs helps identify how personal values may affect nursing practice and ethical decision-making.
A 19-year-old student is distressed over unprotected sex and potential pregnancy. What should the nurse say?
- A. Let’s talk about your options; you must be 21 to purchase emergency contraception.
- B. Don’t worry; you can buy Plan B without a prescription; it will terminate the pregnancy.
- C. Don’t worry, we are in one of the 40 states that allow Plan B; let’s discuss how to use it.
- D. You have several options; let’s discuss what is best for you.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should provide a range of options and let the teen decide the next steps, including discussing emergency contraception.
A nurse is caring for a pregnant woman who has a pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 27. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide the woman regarding weight gain during pregnancy?
- A. “You should gain 11 to 20 pounds during your pregnancy.”
- B. “You should gain 15 to 25 pounds during your pregnancy.”
- C. “You should gain 25 to 35 pounds during your pregnancy.”
- D. “You should gain 28 to 40 pounds during your pregnancy.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Overweight women (BMI 25-29.9) should gain 15-25 pounds during pregnancy.
When providing preoperative teaching for a client who will be undergoing total knee arthroplasty, the nurse asks the client questions to assess his understanding of the surgery. Which type of ethics is the nurse implementing?
- A. Duty-based ethics
- B. Normative ethics
- C. Metaethics
- D. Preventive ethics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Preventive ethics focuses on foreseeing and preventing ethical problems before they arise, such as ensuring a client understands a surgery before proceeding.