foundation of nursing questions and answers

foundation of nursing questions and answers Related

Review foundation of nursing questions and answers related questions and content

A nurse who works in the specialty of palliative care frequently encounters issues and situations that constitute ethical dilemmas. What issue has most often presented challenging ethical issues, especially in the context of palliative care?

  • A. The increase in cultural diversity in the United States
  • B. Staffing shortages in health care and questions concerning quality of care
  • C. Increased costs of health care coupled with inequalities in access
  • D. Ability of technology to prolong life beyond meaningful quality of life
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ability of technology to prolong life beyond meaningful quality of life. In palliative care, the focus is on improving the quality of life for patients with serious illnesses. The use of technology to prolong life can sometimes conflict with this goal, leading to ethical dilemmas. Technology may extend life without considering the patient's comfort or dignity, raising questions about the meaningfulness of prolonging life in such situations. This issue is particularly challenging in palliative care as it requires balancing the benefits of technology with the patient's quality of life.

Other choices are incorrect:
A: The increase in cultural diversity in the United States - While cultural diversity can present challenges in palliative care, it is not the most often presented challenging ethical issue.
B: Staffing shortages in health care and questions concerning quality of care - Staffing shortages are important issues in healthcare, but they do not directly relate to the ethical dilemmas specific to palliative care.
C: Increased costs of health care coupled with

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The patient has been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease and placed on a low-fat diet. The patient asks the nurse, “How much fat should I have? I guess the less fat, the better.” Which information will the nurse include in the teaching session?

  • A. Cholesterol intake needs to be less than 300 mg/day.
  • B. Fats have no significance in health and the incidence of disease.
  • C. All fats come from external sources so this can be easily controlled.
  • D. Deficiencies occur when fat intake falls below 10% of daily nutrition.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Deficiencies occur when fat intake falls below 10% of daily nutrition.
Rationale:
1. Fat is essential for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) and for maintaining healthy cell membranes.
2. Fat provides essential fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6) crucial for brain function and inflammation regulation.
3. Adequate fat intake prevents deficiencies like dry skin, poor wound healing, and hormonal imbalances.
4. A low-fat diet should still include at least 10% of daily nutrition from healthy fats for optimal health.

Summary:
A: Cholesterol intake is important but not the primary focus for a low-fat diet.
B: Fats are significant for health, and extreme low-fat diets can lead to deficiencies.
C: While some fats are from external sources, the body needs a minimum amount for proper functioning.

In teaching mothers-to-be about infant nutrition, which instruction should the nurse provide?

  • A. Supplement breast milk with corn syrup.
  • B. Give cow’s milk during the first year of life.
  • C. Add honey to infant formulas for increased energy.
  • D. Provide breast milk or formula for the first 4 to 6 months.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because breast milk or formula is recommended for the first 4 to 6 months as it provides essential nutrients for infant growth and development. Choosing A, B, or C is incorrect as they pose health risks to infants - corn syrup is not necessary, cow's milk is not suitable for infants, and honey can cause botulism in infants under 1 year old. Breast milk or formula is the safest and most nutritionally balanced option for infants in the first few months of life.

The nurse is providing home care for a patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which dietary intervention will the nurse add to the care plan?

  • A. Provide small, frequent nutrient-dense meals for maximizing kilocalories.
  • B. Prepare hot meals because they are more easily tolerated by the patient.
  • C. Avoid salty foods and limit liquids to preserve electrolytes.
  • D. Encourage intake of fatty foods to increase caloric intake.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because providing small, frequent nutrient-dense meals helps maximize kilocalories, which is important for patients with AIDS who may have difficulty maintaining weight due to their compromised immune system. This approach ensures the patient receives essential nutrients and energy to support their immune function.

Choice B is incorrect as there is no evidence to suggest that hot meals are more easily tolerated by AIDS patients.

Choice C is incorrect because limiting liquids can lead to dehydration, which is especially detrimental for individuals with weakened immune systems.

Choice D is incorrect as encouraging the intake of fatty foods may not necessarily provide the necessary nutrients and energy required for immune support in AIDS patients.

A nurse is caring for patients with dysphagia. Which patient has neurogenic dysphagia?

  • A. A patient with benign peptic stricture
  • B. A patient with muscular dystrophy
  • C. A patient with myasthenia gravis
  • D. A patient with stroke
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because neurogenic dysphagia is caused by neurological conditions affecting swallowing function, such as a stroke. In a stroke, damage to the brain can impair the coordination of swallowing muscles, leading to dysphagia.

Choice A is incorrect because benign peptic stricture is a narrowing of the esophagus due to chronic acid reflux, not a neurological issue.

Choice B is incorrect because muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder that affects muscle strength and does not directly impact the neurological control of swallowing.

Choice C is incorrect because myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that affects neuromuscular transmission but is not typically associated with neurogenic dysphagia.

A school nurse is caring for a child who appears to be having an allergic response. What should be the initial action of the school nurse?

  • A. Assess for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis.
  • B. Assess for erythema and urticaria.
  • C. Administer an OTC antihistamine.
  • D. Administer epinephrine.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct initial action for the school nurse is to assess for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (Choice A). This is crucial as anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that can be life-threatening and requires immediate intervention. Assessing for anaphylaxis symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and a rapid pulse helps the nurse quickly identify the severity of the situation. Administering OTC antihistamines (Choice C) or epinephrine (Choice D) should only be done after confirming the presence of anaphylaxis. Assessing for erythema and urticaria (Choice B) is important but not as immediate as assessing for signs of anaphylaxis in this scenario.

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