Nokea
A nursing instructor is describing the advantages of using a second-generation antihistamine over a first-generation antihistamine. Which of the following would the instructor most likely include? Select all that apply.
- A. Less sedation
- B. Fewer anticholinergic effects
- C. Less nausea
- D. Can be used during pregnancy
- E. Can be used during lactation
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Second-generation antihistamines cause less sedation and fewer anticholinergic effects because they selectively bind to peripheral rather than central H1 receptors. Some first-generation antihistamines can be used as antiemetics. Use of any antihistamine is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation.
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The nurse would be especially alert for the development of which of the following when administering an antihistamine to an older adult? Select all that apply.
- A. Hypotension
- B. Hypertension
- C. Dry mouth
- D. Insomnia
- E. Sedation
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Older adult clients are more likely to experience anticholinergic effects (dry mouth), dizziness, sedation, hypotension, and confusion while taking an antihistamine.
Before administering an antitussive to a client, which of the following would the nurse assess? Select all that apply.
- A. Temperature
- B. Sputum presence
- C. Type of cough
- D. Bowel sounds
- E. Heart sounds
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Vital signs, type of cough, presence of sputum, color and amount of sputum, home remedies used, and actions taken should be assessed prior to initiation of an antitussive. Bowel and heart sounds are not part of the preadministration assessment.
After administering a decongestant, which of the following would the nurse include in the ongoing assessment? Select all that apply.
- A. Heart sounds
- B. Blood pressure
- C. Level of congestion
- D. Therapeutic effect
- E. Pain assessment
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: The ongoing assessment for a client taking a decongestant should include assessment of blood pressure and pulse and asking about level of congestion, therapeutic effect, and adverse reactions.
A client is prescribed an antitussive for home use. Which of the following should a nurse include in the client's teaching plan? Select all that apply.
- A. Decreasing fluid intake during treatment with an antitussive
- B. Encouraging the use of sedatives during treatment
- C. Drinking fluids at least 30 minutes after taking a lozenge form
- D. Swallowing oral antitussive capsules whole
- E. Avoiding respiratory irritants during antitussive treatment
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: A client's antitussive teaching plan should include the following instructions, do not exceed recommended dose; avoid respiratory irritants; drink plenty of fluids if not contraindicated; swallow oral capsules whole; avoid drinking fluids for 30 minutes after taking a lozenge; do not use alcohol or other CNS depressants while being treated with antitussives; and contact the physician if cough is not relieved or becomes worse or is accompanied by chills, fever, chest pain, or sputum production.
A client with allergic rhinitis is prescribed an antihistamine. The nurse instructs the client to suck on sugarless hard candy to address which of the following?
- A. Drowsiness and sedation
- B. Threkening of the bronchial secretions
- C. Altered sensation of taste
- D. Dryness of the oral mucosa and the throat
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to suck on a sugarless hard candy to prevent dryness of the oral mucosa and the throat, which is a side effect of antihistamine therapy. Sucking on candy does not relieve drowsiness, sedation, and thickening of the bronchial mucosa seen with antihistamine therapy. Altered sense of taste does not occur with most antihistamines.