Nokea
After teaching a group of nursing students about antihistamines, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as less sedating? Select all that apply.
- A. Loratadine (Claritin)
- B. Fexofenadine (Allegra)
- C. Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
- D. Brompheniramine (Lodrane)
- E. Clemastine (Tavist)
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Loratadine, fexofenadine, and cetirizine are considered second-generation antihistamines that are less sedating than first-generation antihistamines (brompheniramine and clemastine).
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A client has been prescribed a nasal decongestant for nasal stuffiness due to a common cold. The client is also taking an antidepressant that is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. The nurse would warn the client about which of the following.
- A. Hypotension
- B. Severe headache
- C. Sedation
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should warn the client of the possibility of severe headache due to an interaction between the two drugs. Such an interaction may also result in hypertensive crisis instead of hypotension. Sedation and bradycardia do not occur when an MAOI and decongestant are used together.
The nurse is preparing to administer a drug that acts by reducing the swelling in the nasal passages by vasoconstriction. Which of the following might the nurse be administering? Select all that apply.
- A. Loratadine
- B. Guaifenesin
- C. Dextromethorphan
- D. Phenylephrine
- E. Oxymetazoline
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: Phenylephrine and oxymetazoline are decongestants that reduce swelling in the nasal passages by vasoconstriction. Loratadine is an antihistamine, guaifenesin is an expectorant, and dextromethorphan is a centrally acting antitussive.
A client is prescribed an antitussive for home use. Which of the following should a nurse include in the client's teaching plan? Select all that apply.
- A. Decreasing fluid intake during treatment with an antitussive
- B. Encouraging the use of sedatives during treatment
- C. Drinking fluids at least 30 minutes after taking a lozenge form
- D. Swallowing oral antitussive capsules whole
- E. Avoiding respiratory irritants during antitussive treatment
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: A client's antitussive teaching plan should include the following instructions, do not exceed recommended dose; avoid respiratory irritants; drink plenty of fluids if not contraindicated; swallow oral capsules whole; avoid drinking fluids for 30 minutes after taking a lozenge; do not use alcohol or other CNS depressants while being treated with antitussives; and contact the physician if cough is not relieved or becomes worse or is accompanied by chills, fever, chest pain, or sputum production.
When teaching a client about using a decongestant in a nasal spray form, which instruction would the nurse include? Select all that apply.
- A. Recline on a bed and hang your head over the edge.
- B. Sniff hard for a few minutes after administration.
- C. Make sure the tip of the container is touching the nasal mucosa.
- D. Do not share the container with anyone except family members.
- E. Know that nasal burning or stinging may occur.
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: A client should be instructed to administer a nasal spray while sitting upright not allow the tip of the container to touch the nasal mucosa, and to sniff hard for a few minutes after administration. The client may experience some burning or stinging after the administration of the nasal spray. The container should not be shared with anyone.
After teaching a client about his upper respiratory drug therapy, the nurse determines that additional teaching is needed when the client identifies which of the following as a reason to notify his primary health care provider?
- A. Cough changes from nonproductive to productive.
- B. Sputum appears clear.
- C. Sputum increases.
- D. Shortness of breath occurs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The client should notify his primary health care provider if the type of cough changes, sputum changes color or increases, and shortness of breath occurs. Clear sputum is normal.