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A nursing instructor is preparing a presentation about key events and people that influenced the development of contemporary mental health and illness care. When describing the effects of World War II, which of the following would the instructor include?
- A. People began to view mental illness as more commonplace and acceptable.
- B. The biologic understanding of mental illness was almost fully developed.
- C. Deinstitutionalization occurred in response to the community health movement.
- D. Mental illnesses became categorized as psychoses or neuroses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: World War II increased awareness of mental health issues due to the high incidence of psychiatric casualties among soldiers, leading to a broader societal view of mental illness as more commonplace and acceptable, reducing stigma and prompting improvements in care.
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A nurse is reviewing the American Nurses Association?s Statement on Psychiatric Nursing Practice published in 1967, which sanctioned the involvement of psychiatric-mental health nurses in the provision of holistic nursing care. Integrating knowledge of the various theories and views of mental health and illness, the nurse identifies which of the following as most strongly linked to this holistic approach?
- A. Sigmund Freud?s psychoanalytic theory
- B. Florence Nightingale?s Notes on Nursing
- C. Hildegarde
- D. Clifford Beers? A Mind That Found Itself
- E. Peplau?s Interpersonal Relations in Nursing
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: The 1967 ANA Statement on Psychiatric Nursing Practice emphasized holistic care, which was strongly influenced by Hildegard Peplau?s Interpersonal Relations in Nursing (1952). Peplau?s work focused on the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship, aligning with the holistic approach of addressing physical, emotional, and social needs.
A nursing instructor is describing the concept of evidence-based practice in psychiatric-mental health nursing. Which of the following would the instructor include as being important?
- A. Research findings
- B. Expert opinion
- C. Clinical experiences
- D. Patient data
- E. Established routines
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Evidence-based practice in psychiatric-mental health nursing integrates research findings, expert opinion, clinical experiences, and patient data to inform care decisions. Established routines are not necessarily evidence-based and may not reflect current best practices.
A psychiatric-mental health nurse is implementing evidence-based practice. The nurse understands that this approach is developed by doing which of the following first?
- A. Conducting research
- B. Identifying a clinical question
- C. Determining outcomes
- D. Collaborating with the patient
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evidence-based practice begins with identifying a clinical question, often using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework, to guide the search for and application of evidence to improve patient care.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the evolution of mental health care and are discussing the recommendations of the final report of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health. The students demonstrate understanding of this information when they identify that the report recommended an increase in which of the following?
- A. Numbers of mental health hospitals
- B. State funding for mental health care
- C. Clinics supplemented by general hospital units
- D. Use of psychotherapy by psychiatrists
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health (1961) recommended increasing community-based mental health services, including clinics supplemented by general hospital units, to shift care from large state institutions to more accessible, community-oriented settings.
After teaching a class to a group of nursing students about the historical perspectives of mental health care, the instructor determines that the group has understood the information when they identify which of the following as a common belief about mental illness during the medieval period?
- A. Mental illness in an individual was the result of being possessed by demons.
- B. A person was removed from a contaminated environment to protect him or her.
- C. Exorcisms were used as primary mode of treatment to cleanse the person of his or her sins.
- D. The focus was on moral treatment to promote the individual?s safety and comfort.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During the medieval period, mental illness was commonly believed to result from demonic possession, with treatments often involving exorcisms or other religious interventions, reflecting the era?s spiritual understanding of mental disorders.