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As part of a career day presentation to a group of nursing students, a psychiatric-mental health nurse plans to describe how this specialty developed. Which individual would the nurse describe as playing a major role in the development of specialty training programs for psychiatric nurses?
- A. Mary Adelaide Nutting
- B. Hildegarde Peplau
- C. Harriet Bailey
- D. Linda Richards
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau played a pivotal role in developing specialty training programs for psychiatric nurses, notably through her establishment of the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing at Rutgers University in 1954 and her foundational work in psychiatric nursing theory.
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A nurse is preparing a presentation about the current status of mental health services in the United States. Which statement would the nurse include as the most reflective of this status?
- A. Mental health care in the United States is equally accessible to individuals.
- B. Mental illness ranks second in terms of causing disability in comparison.
- C. Mental health care primarily focuses on the cure of mental illness.
- D. Mental health care services are inadequate and fragmented.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mental health services in the U.S. are widely recognized as inadequate and fragmented, with disparities in access, insufficient funding, and gaps in service delivery, as noted in reports like the New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003).
A nursing instructor is describing the concept of evidence-based practice in psychiatric-mental health nursing. Which of the following would the instructor include as being important?
- A. Research findings
- B. Expert opinion
- C. Clinical experiences
- D. Patient data
- E. Established routines
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Evidence-based practice in psychiatric-mental health nursing integrates research findings, expert opinion, clinical experiences, and patient data to inform care decisions. Established routines are not necessarily evidence-based and may not reflect current best practices.
A group of students are reviewing the goals identified by the New Freedom Commission on Mental Health. The students demonstrate understanding of this report when they identify which of the following as a goal?
- A. Mental health is viewed as one component of overall health.
- B. The consumer and family are the driving forces for mental health care.
- C. Screening is of greater importance than assessment and referral for services.
- D. Disparities in mental health services are decreased.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003) aimed to transform mental health care, with a key goal of reducing disparities in mental health services to ensure equitable access across diverse populations.
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the evolution of mental health care and are discussing the recommendations of the final report of the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health. The students demonstrate understanding of this information when they identify that the report recommended an increase in which of the following?
- A. Numbers of mental health hospitals
- B. State funding for mental health care
- C. Clinics supplemented by general hospital units
- D. Use of psychotherapy by psychiatrists
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health (1961) recommended increasing community-based mental health services, including clinics supplemented by general hospital units, to shift care from large state institutions to more accessible, community-oriented settings.
When reviewing the evolution of mental health and illness care, which event is associated with mental disorders beginning to be viewed as illnesses requiring treatment?
- A. Establishment of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia
- B. Quaker establishment of asylums
- C. Creation of the state hospital system
- D. Freud?s views on the causes of mental illnesses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The establishment of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia (1751) included a section for the mentally ill, marking one of the earliest instances in the U.S. where mental disorders were recognized as illnesses requiring treatment, rather than mere social deviance.