Nokea
A nursing instructor is teaching about specific phobias. Which student statement should indicate that learning has occurred?
- A. These clients do not recognize that their fear is excessive, and they rarely seek treatment.
- B. These clients have overwhelming symptoms of panic when exposed to the phobic stimulus.
- C. These clients experience symptoms that mirror a cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
- D. These clients experience the symptoms of tachycardia, dysphagia, and diaphoresis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it accurately describes a key feature of specific phobias: individuals experience intense panic symptoms when exposed to the phobic stimulus. This indicates learning as it demonstrates understanding of the characteristic behavioral response in specific phobias. Choice A is incorrect as it describes characteristics of agoraphobia, not specific phobias. Choice C is incorrect as it describes symptoms of a stroke, not specific phobias. Choice D is incorrect as it lists symptoms that are not typically associated with specific phobias.
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An employee uses the defense mechanism of displacement when the boss openly disagrees with suggestions. What behavior would be expected from this employee?
- A. The employee assertively confronts the boss
- B. The employee leaves the staff meeting to work out in the gym
- C. The employee criticizes a coworker
- D. The employee takes the boss out to lunch
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Displacement is a defense mechanism where emotions are redirected from the original source to a substitute target. In this case, the employee is likely to displace their anger from the boss onto a coworker by criticizing them. This behavior allows the employee to express their feelings indirectly.
A: Assertively confronting the boss does not align with displacement as it involves direct confrontation.
B: Leaving the meeting to work out in the gym is a form of avoidance and does not involve displacing emotions onto another target.
D: Taking the boss out to lunch is more of a conciliatory gesture and does not involve displacing negative emotions onto someone else.
An unemployed college graduate is experiencing severe anxiety over not finding a teaching position and has difficulty with independent problem-solving. During a routine physical examination, the graduate confides in the clinic nurse. Which is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Encourage the student to use the alternative coping mechanism of relaxation exercises.
- B. Complete the problem-solving process for the client.
- C. Work through the problem-solving process with the client.
- D. Encourage the client to keep a journal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Work through the problem-solving process with the client. This option promotes empowerment and autonomy by guiding the client to develop their problem-solving skills. It allows the nurse to offer support and guidance without taking over the process entirely, fostering independence and self-efficacy. Encouraging the client to actively participate in finding solutions can help build confidence and improve their ability to handle similar situations in the future.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Encouraging relaxation exercises can be helpful for managing anxiety, but it does not directly address the underlying issue of developing problem-solving skills.
B: Completing the problem-solving process for the client does not empower the client to learn how to address similar challenges independently.
D: Keeping a journal can be a helpful tool for self-reflection and managing emotions, but it does not specifically address the client's difficulty with independent problem-solving.
A nurse moving out of state speaks to a client about the need to work with a new nurse. The client states, Im not well enough to switch to a different nurse. What does this client response indicate to the nurse?
- A. The client is using manipulation to receive secondary gain.
- B. The client is using the defense mechanism of denial.
- C. The client is having trouble terminating the relationship.
- D. The client is using splitting as a way to remain dependent on the nurse.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the client's statement indicates denial of the upcoming change in nurses due to their belief that they are not well enough to switch. This defense mechanism helps the client avoid the reality of the situation. Choice A is incorrect as there is no evidence of manipulation for secondary gain. Choice C is incorrect as the client is not expressing difficulty in terminating the relationship. Choice D is incorrect as splitting involves seeing people as all good or all bad, which is not evident in the client's statement.
Which should the nurse recognize as an example of the defense mechanism of repression?
- A. A woman whose son was killed in Iraq does not believe the military report.
- B. A man who is unhappily married goes to school to become a marriage counselor.
- C. A woman was raped when she was 12 and no longer remembers the incident.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because repression is a defense mechanism in which traumatic memories are unconsciously blocked from awareness. In this scenario, the woman's inability to remember the rape incident at age 12 is a classic example of repression. She has pushed the memory out of consciousness to avoid the emotional distress associated with it.
Choice A is incorrect as it describes denial, where the woman refuses to accept the truth. Choice B is incorrect as it reflects sublimation, where the man channels his unhappiness into a positive pursuit. Choice D is incomplete, making it impossible to evaluate.
A client refuses to go on a cruise to the Bahamas with his spouse because of fearing that the cruise ship will sink and all will drown. Using a cognitive theory perspective, the nurse should use which of these statements to explain to the spouse the etiology of this fear?
- A. Your spouse may be unable to resolve internal conflicts, which result in projected anxiety.
- B. Your spouse may be experiencing a distorted and unrealistic appraisal of the situation.
- C. Your spouse may have a genetic predisposition to overreacting to potential danger.
- D. Your spouse may have high levels of brain chemicals that may distort thinking.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Your spouse may be experiencing a distorted and unrealistic appraisal of the situation. This aligns with cognitive theory, which focuses on how our thoughts and perceptions influence our emotions and behaviors. In this case, the client's fear of the cruise ship sinking is likely based on an irrational and exaggerated belief rather than a realistic assessment of the situation.
Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on internal conflicts, which may not be directly related to the client's fear of the cruise ship sinking. Choice C is incorrect as genetic predisposition alone is unlikely to explain the specific fear of the cruise ship sinking. Choice D is incorrect as it suggests a biological basis for the fear, whereas cognitive theory emphasizes the role of thoughts and perceptions.