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A nursing student is initiating a relationship with an assigned patient. After meeting and spending approximately 20 minutes talking with the patient, the student makes arrangements to visit again after lunch. After lunch, fellow classmates invite the student to go to the gym with them and a group of patients to play volleyball. The student starts to go with them but then remembers the promise to meet with the patient. The student decides to stay behind and talk to with her patient. The student?s decision reflects which ethical principle?
- A. Autonomy
- B. Beneficence
- C. Fidelity
- D. Veracity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Fidelity refers to keeping promises and maintaining loyalty to commitments. By choosing to honor the promise to meet with the patient instead of joining the volleyball game, the student demonstrates fidelity. Autonomy relates to respecting the patient?s decision-making, beneficence involves promoting well-being, and veracity pertains to truthfulness, none of which are as directly relevant.
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A nursing instructor is describing the impact of technology and electronic health records on psychiatric-mental health care. Which of the following would the instructor identify as a major challenge associated with it?
- A. Maintaining confidentiality
- B. Establishing educational models
- C. Decreasing fragmented care
- D. Defining professional standards more clearly
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Electronic health records (EHRs) improve access to patient data but pose significant challenges in maintaining confidentiality due to risks of unauthorized access, data breaches, or improper sharing. This is a well-documented concern in psychiatric care, where sensitive mental health information requires stringent protection. The other options are less directly related to EHR challenges: educational models and professional standards are broader issues, and EHRs typically reduce fragmented care.
A psychiatric-mental health nurse is adhering to the standards of practice. When engaging in clinical decision making, the nurse is integrating which of the following as the foundation?
- A. Developmental issues
- B. Nursing process
- C. Commitment
- D. Accountability
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nursing process (assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation) is the foundational framework for clinical decision-making in psychiatric-mental health nursing, ensuring systematic and evidence-based care. Developmental issues inform care but are not the foundation, while commitment and accountability are professional qualities, not decision-making frameworks.
A nurse is engaged in exercises to develop self-awareness. The nurse is using which tool?
- A. Interdisciplinary care
- B. Reflection
- C. Plan of care
- D. Clinical reasoning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reflection is the process of introspection and self-examination, which is essential for developing self-awareness in nursing. Interdisciplinary care involves collaboration, a plan of care is a structured approach to patient care, and clinical reasoning is a cognitive process for decision-making, none of which directly target self-awareness.
The plan of care for a patient with schizophrenia identifies the following outcomes. Which of the following would the nurse identify as addressing the biologic domain? Select all that apply.
- A. Improving problem-solving skills
- B. Promoting economic stability
- C. Minimizing adverse effects of drug therapy
- D. Improving nutritional status
- E. Providing family education
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: The biologic domain focuses on physical health and bodily functions. Minimizing adverse effects of drug therapy (C) addresses medication-related physical outcomes, and improving nutritional status (D) focuses on physical health through diet. Improving problem-solving skills is psychological, promoting economic stability is social, and providing family education is social.
In a postclinical conference, a group of students are engaged in a discussion with their instructor. The instructor repeatedly has the students analyze and evaluate the nursing interventions implemented throughout the clinical experience. The students are engaged in which of the following?
- A. Therapeutic use of self
- B. Critical thinking
- C. Interdisciplinary care
- D. Planning care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Critical thinking involves analyzing and evaluating information to make reasoned judgments. The instructor?s focus on having students analyze and evaluate nursing interventions aligns with this process, as it encourages reflective and evidence-based reasoning. Therapeutic use of self involves personal engagement with patients, interdisciplinary care involves collaboration with other professionals, and planning care is a specific phase of the nursing process, none of which fit as well.