Nokea
A nursing student is preparing a presentation on antidiarrheal drugs. Which of the following drugs would the student include as being chemically related to opioid drugs and used to treat diarrhea by decreasing intestinal peristalsis?
- A. Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
- B. Difenoxin (Motofen)
- C. Alosetron (Lotronex)
- D. Diphenoxylate (Lomotil)
- E. Bismuth (Pepto-Bismol)
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Difenoxin (Motofen) and diphenoxylate (Lomotil) are chemically related to opioid drugs and treat diarrhea by decreasing intestinal peristalsis.
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A client is prescribed a laxative. Which of the following would the nurse include in the teaching plan for the client about possible adverse reactions?
- A. Nausea
- B. Perianal irritation
- C. Bloating
- D. Constipation
- E. Cramps
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: Laxatives may cause diarrhea, loss of water and electrolytes, abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea, vomiting, perianal irritation, fainting, bloating, flatulence, cramps, and weakness.
A client is receiving a bowel evacuant in preparation for a colonoscopy. The client tells the nurse that he has been 'going to the bathroom about every 30 to 45 minutes' since he started taking the drug and his stools are 'like water.' He reports that he is thirsty and his mouth feels dry. Which nursing diagnosis would the nurse most likely identify?
- A. Risk for Infection
- B. Risk for Injury
- C. Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume
- D. Deficient Knowledge
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client's report of frequent stools, which is a result of the drug therapy, along with complaints of feeling thirsty and dry mouth suggest the nursing diagnosis of Risk for Imbalanced Fluid Volume due to the large losses of fluid from the body from the drug. There is no evidence to support a risk for infection or deficient knowledge. Risk for Injury would be appropriate if the client was experiencing drowsiness or dizziness in conjunction with the fluid losses.
A physician has prescribed bisacodyl to a client with constipation. The client complains of epigastric pain and a burning sensation after taking the drug. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the client?
- A. Immediately stop taking the drug.
- B. Take antacids between meals.
- C. Take the drug in powdered form.
- D. Avoid milk before taking the drug.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to avoid milk, antacids, H2 antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors 1 to 2 hours before taking the bisacodyl tablets because the enteric coating may dissolve early before reaching the intestinal tract, resulting in gastric lining irritation or dyspepsia and decreasing the laxative effect of the drug. The nurse need not instruct the client to immediately stop taking the drug, take the drug in powdered form, or take antacids between meals as these interventions will not help in preventing gastric lining irritation.
After administering diphenoxylate to a client, the nurse would assess the client closely for increased CNS depression if the client was also receiving which medication?
- A. Fexofenadine (Allegra)
- B. Glyburide (DiaBeta)
- C. Sucralfate (Carafate)
- D. Zolpidem (Ambien)
- E. Temazepam (Restoril)
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: The nurse should monitor a client closely for increased CNS depression when diphenoxylate (Lomotil) is given to a client taking antihistamines (fexofenadine), opioids, sedatives (zolpidem), and hypnotics (temazepam).
A client's history reveals that the client is experiencing intestinal gas. Which of the following would the nurse expect the primary health care provider to prescribe?
- A. Charcoal (Flatulex)
- B. Omeprazole (Prilosec)
- C. Ranitidine (Zantac)
- D. Odansetron (Zofran)
- E. Simethicone (Mylicon)
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: Charcoal (Flatulex) and simethicone (Mylicon) are antiflatulents used to help relieve gas in the intestinal tract of a client. Omeprazole and ranitidine are used to treat hyperacidity disorders. Odansetron is used to treat nausea and vomiting.